In-Class Lecture 1: Jihan Flashcards
“The light microscope discerns material that’s ___ of a micron (micrometer) apart.”
2/10
“The electron microscope can discern structures that are ___ angstroms apart.”
1.5
In what type of cell was mitochondria discovered?
Muscle cells
Mitochondria can take a phosphate and link it to what?
ADP
What is the major function of mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Mitochondria are common in cells that make what?
Hormones (esp. steroids)
In what situation would the cristae change shape?
Dependent on the work that the mitochondria is performing
How many mitochondria in one liver cell?
1,000
What is simple fission of a mitochondria?
The structure winds itself around the mitochondria, like a belt, and the mitochondria splits
What genes are coded from the DNA in mitochondria?
The genes are involved in making new structural components in mitochondria
What type of disease is the most abundant in-born error of metabolism? At what rate?
Mitochondrial diseases; happens in 1 in 2000 live births
Where is smooth ER abundant? For what function?
Liver, for glycogen metabolism
What enzyme is produced by the smooth ER for synthesis and breakdown of glycogen?
Glucose-6-phosphatase
What two organelles work together to produce steroid hormones?
Smooth ER and mitochondria
What organelle is implicated in cell types that are involved in protein for export?
Rough ER
What kind of protein is in Rough ER, which is mainly RNA?
Ribonucleoprotein
What is a prime function of Rough RNA?
“Scheme” of protein synthesis
A sialoprotein had what added to the protein?
Sulfur
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Picks up dead organelles and breaks them down
What causes Tay-Sach’s disease?
Lack of lysosomal breakdown organelles requiring this
What generates lysosomes?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
All centrioles have what characteristic structure?
9 triplets of tubules
What are the two main functions of centrioles?
- Cell division
2. Induces the formation of cilia
What are the two main structures of the cytoskeleton of cytoplasm?
Microtubules and filaments
What is absent on the inner membrane of the nucleus?
Ribosomes
What is (maybe) present on the outer membrane of the nucleus? With what structure is the outer membrane continuous?
There may be ribosomes, as it is continuous with the Rough ER
Each pore in the nuclear envelope is what shape?
Hexagonal
What do nucleoli help produce?
Ribosomes
When are chromosomes visible in the nucleus?
When the cell is in the process of dividing
