Lecture 1 Old Notes: Tandler Flashcards

1
Q

What is resolution and how does it relate to magnification?

A

It is about the ability to see fine detail and is independent of magnification

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2
Q

What are the two most common stains used for histologic presentation?

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

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3
Q

Why does the nucleus tend to stain with basic dyes?

A

It is basophillic due to the nucleus being an acidic environment

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4
Q

Why does the cytoplasm of a cell tend to react with acidic dyes?

A

It has pKs around 8, making it slightly basic.

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5
Q

Is hemotoxylin basic or acidic?

A

Basic, so used to stain nuclei

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6
Q

Is eosin acidic or basic?

A

Acidic, so it stains cytoplasm

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7
Q

What cellular structure contains all of the enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

How many different enzymes does mitochondria contain?

A

Over 120

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9
Q

For the mitochondrial membranes, which one is folded and which is flat?

A

Inner is folded, outer is flat

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10
Q

What shape are mitochondrial cristae in the adrenal glands, testes or ovaries?

A

Tubular

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11
Q

How common are mitochondrial disturbances?

A

1:2000

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12
Q

What material does smooth ER help digest and synthesize?

A

Glycogen

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13
Q

What kind of proteins comprise the particles on the outside of rough ER?

A

Ribonucleo proteins

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14
Q

Are ribonucleo proteins acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

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15
Q

What takes amino acids and incorporates them into proteins?

A

Cisternae

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16
Q

Where is a lot of protein synthesized?

17
Q

What enzyme does the smooth ER use to synthesize and break down glycogen?

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase

18
Q

What is characteristic of all golgi regardless of function?

A

Numerous small vesicles and large vacuoles

19
Q

What is the most important thing that happens to the proteins as they move through the Golgi?

A

They are glycosylated (sugars are added to them)

20
Q

What do condensing vacuoles do? (hint: found in Golgi)

A

They hold proteins and they dehydrate them, turning them into granules

21
Q

What is the significance of the granular form of proteins?

A

This is the storage form of proteins, allowing them to be transported including out of the cell.

22
Q

What are three roles of Smooth ER?

A

Glycogen metabolism, detoxification, production of steroid hormones

23
Q

Lysosome has what kind of enzymes?

A

Destructive

24
Q

Do centrioles all have a uniform structure when viewed from the electron microscope?

25
How are the tubules arranged in centrioles?
9 sets of triplets
26
What do centrioles make, which is important for cell division?
Mitotic spindle
27
What's the importance of the mitotic spindle?
Important for cell division
28
How are centrioles related to cilia?
Centrioles induce the production of cilia
29
What is the cytoskeleton of every cell made of?
Microtubules
30
What kind of protein makes of microtubules?
Tubulin
31
What is the shape of every nuclear pore?
Octagonal
32
Is the nucleolus basophilic (takes up basic dyes, indicating it is acidic) or acidophilic (takes up acidic dyes, indicating it is basic)?
Extremely basophilic
33
Where is the ribosomal RNA produced?
Nucleolus
34
What do you add to a test tube full of tubulin in a solution in order to cause tubule production?
GTP