Lecture 7: Common Diseases of Shelter Animals Flashcards
What are some common diseases of shelter dogs
parvo, distemper, influenza, strep zoo, canine infectious respiratory disease complex
who typically gets parvo
puppies <16 weeks old
what does parvo target
rapidly diving cells- GI and bone marrow
what is the mainstay for prevention of parvovirus
vaccination and protection of susceptible animals
what is route of transmission for parvo
Feco-oral
Does parvo have high or low persistence in environment
high- very durable
is infectious dose for parvo high or low
low
what is incubation period for parvo
2-14 days (4-6 most commom)
does parvo have carrier state
no
what are clinical signs for parvo
inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea with blood, death
what sign should make you suspicious of parvo in puppies
QAR, inappetent
are most respiratory infections in shelter dogs viral or bacterial
viral
what is mainstay for prevention of canine infectious respiratory disease complex
protection of susceptible animals
what are the viral pathogens in CIRDC
adenovirus, distemper, influenza, parainfluenza, herpes, coronavirus, pneumovirus
what are the bacterial pathogens in CIRDC
bordetella bronchiseptica, strep zoo, mycoplasma
what is route of transmission for CIRDC
airborne, direct contact, environmental, fomites
does CIRDC have low or high persistence in environment
low
is infectious dose high or low for CIRDC
low
what is incubation period for CIRDC
2-14 days
is there a carrier state for CIRDC
yes
what are some signs of CIRDC
coughing, sneezing, ocular and nasal discharge, lethargy, inappetence, fever, crackles and wheezes in lungs
distemper virus is common in what population of dogs
unvaccinated
what is reservoir for canine distemper virus
wildlife reservoirs
Canine distemper virus is common at what age
puppies <20 weeks
what are mainstays for prevention of canine distemper
vaccination and protection of susceptible animals
what is route of transmission for canine distemper virus
airborne, environmental, fomites, direct contact (shed in all body secretions)
how long can canine distemper virus persist in environment
few hours
is infectious dose low or high for canine distemper virus
low
what is incubation period for canine distemper virus
1-2 weeks
is there a carrier state for canine distemper virus
no
what are the early, later and much later signs of canine distemper virus
early: nasal and ocular discharge, loss of appetite, depression
Later: gastrointestinal, upper respiratory
Much later: neurologic signs
what signs should make you suspicious of canine distemper virus
GI signs with current or historical respiratory signs “chewing gum fits”
What is morbidity and mortality for canine influenza virus
high morbidity, low morality
what strains of influenza infect dogs
H3N8 and H3N2
what is route of transmission for canine influenza virus
airborne, direct contact, environmental, fomites
does canine influenza virus have high or low persistence in environment
low
is infectious dose for canine influenza virus high or low
low
what is incubation period for canine influenza virus
2-4 days
is there a carrier state for canine influenza virus
no but can shed H3N2 for 21 days
what are the initial and severe signs of canine influenza virus
initial signs: low grade fever, productive or dry honking cough for 10-30 days, nasal discharge, inappetence, lethargy
Severe: high fever, death, pneumonia
what signs would make you suspicious for canine influenza virus
fever with respiratory signs in large number of dogs, coughing for unusual duration
what is morbidity and mortality for streptococcus zooepidemicus
high morbidity and mortality
t or f: Strep zoo is zoonotic
true
what is route of transmission for strep zoo
airborne, environmental, fomites, direct contact
does strep zoo have high or low persistence in environment
moderate
what is incubation period for strep zoo
1-3 days
what are some signs of strep zoo
Sudden onset hemorrhagic pneumonia, nasal discharge, coughing, severe respiratory distress, death with bloody discharge from nose or mouth
what signs should make you suspicious of strep zoo
sudden onset respiratory distress with bloody nasal and/or oral discharge
what is mortality for panleukopenia (FPV)
high mortality- 90%
when do most cats get FPV
weaning period, maternal antibodies fade
FPV creates a profound __
leukopenia
T or f: vaccine for FPV is very effective
true
what is route of transmission for FPV
feco-oral
is persistence of FPV in environment high or low
high
is infectious dose for FPV high or low
low
what is incubation period for FPV
2-7 days
is there a carrier state for FPV
no
what are some clinical signs for FPV
vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, sudden death
Pathognomonic sign: hanging head over water bowl for extended periods of time
what signs should make you suspicious of FPV
multiple kittens displaying signs for FPV from same litter
hanging head over water bowl for extended periods of time is pathognomonic for what in cats
FPV
what is the number one disease concern for cats in shelter and after adoption
feline upper respiratory disease
t or f: vaccines for feline upper respiratory disease very effective
false- only moderately beneficial
what are mainstays of prevention for feline upper respiratory disease
husbandry and decrease stress
what are the viral pathogens for feline upper respiratory disease
calicivirus, herpesvirus, influenza
what are bacterial pathogens for feline upper respiratory disease
chlamydophila Felis, mycoplasma spp, bordetella bronchiseptica
t or f: vaccine for calicivirus not very effective
true
what are routes of transmission for calcivirus
fomites
how long can calicivirus persist in environment at room temp
28 days
t or f: calcivirus is inactivated by alcohol hand sanitizer
false
is infectious dose for calicivirus high or low
low
what is incubation period for calicivirus
2-6 days
is there a carrier state for calici virus
yes
what are some signs of calicivirus
upper respiratory infection, oral ulcers, drooling, lethargy, anorexia, fever, vasculitis, limping
how do kittens most often get infected with herpesvirus
from mother
latent herpesvirus infections reactivated due to __
stress
t or f: herpesvirus vaccine only moderately beneficial
true
what is best defense against herpesvirus
husbandry to reduce stress
what are routes of transmission for herpesvirus
shed in saliva, eyes and nasal secretions- airborne, direct contact, environmental, fomites
does herpesvirus have high or low persistence in environment
low
what is incubation period for herpesvirus
2-5 days
is there a carrier state for herpesvirus
yes
what are some signs of herpesvirus
sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, dendritic ulcers in eyes, congestion, fever, depression, inappetence
cats are susceptible to what strain of canine influenza
H3N2
when should you be suspicious of influenza virus in cats
unusually severe respiratory signs
t or f: ringworm is zoonotic
true
what cats are at greater risk for ringworm
<1yr, geriatric, long-haired
what is route of transmission for ringworm
Airborne (hair), direct contact, fomites, environmental
Does ringworm have high or low persistence in environment
high- very durable (months to years)
what is incubation period for ringworm
7-14 days
is there a carrier state for ringworm
yes
what are some signs of ringworm
circular alopecia
how do cats often get FIV
Biting, mating, fighting
how do cats often get FeLV
mutual grooming, sharing bowls, vertical transmission
what are some signs of retroviruses-FeLV and FIV
pale MM, unkept haircoat, ADR
an enlarged non-compressible mediastinum is a sign of what in cats
FeLV
paw pad lesions and stomatitis is sign of what in cats
FIV
you should be suspicious of __ in older male cats with scars and __ in young and unthrifty cats
FIV, FeLV
