Lecture 10: advanced surgical procedures and complications

Question 1

What do you do if you drop pedicle

Answer 1

1. Notify instructor
2. Extend incision if needed
3. Use natural retractors
   - right abdomen- duodenum to left
   - left abdomen: colon to right
   - flip bladder out

Question 2

if blood is pulling after dropped pedicle what do you do

Answer 2

use laparotomy sponges or suction
Clamp bleeding vessel with hemostats and apply two new ligatures

Question 3

what are some signs your patient may be bleeding after surgery

Answer 3

1. Pale MM
2. Tachycardia
3. Hypotension
4. Hypothermia
5. Oozing/bleeding fro, incision
6. Distended abdomen, fluid wave
7. Lethargy/depression
8. Dropped PCV/TS

Question 4

if patient is pregnant and you continue with spay what is the protocol

Answer 4

1. Extend incision
2. Gentle manipulation- uterine tissue more friable
3. Rely on hypoxemia for mechanism of death of fetuses- clamp uterine body for 60 minutes after removal

Question 5

when does testicle descent typically occur

Answer 5

30-40 days after birth

Question 6

testicles descend via action and growth of __

Answer 6

gubernaculum

Question 7

what is surgical technique for cryptorchid testicle in abdomen

Answer 7

1. X-lap- midline celitomy incision from umbilicus to pubis
2. Retroflex bladder and identify ductus deferens
3. Follow ductus deferens to testicle
4. Ligate ductus deferens and testicular artery and vein

Question 8

describe surgical technique for inguinal cryptorchid

Answer 8

1. If moveable push testicle to prescrotal incision and removal as normal
2. Non-mobile- make incision directly over testicle and proceed as normal castration

Question 9

what are the consequences of cryptorchid testicle

Answer 9

1. Neoplasia
2. Testicular torsion
3. Urine spraying in cats
4. Concurrent congenital anomalies- patellar luxation, hip dysplasia, tetralogy of fallot, tarsal deformities

Question 10

in what scenarios would you want to do scrotal ablation

Answer 10

large, pendulous scrotum in older dogs, scrotal neoplasia, scrotal trauma

Question 11

how do you do scrotal ablation

Answer 11

1. Elliptical incision made circumferential alone base of scrotum
2. Continue through dartos and fibrous CT
3. Identify spermatic cords and perform open or closed castration
4. Remove excess skin
5. Close SQ, intradermal and skin