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Sem 1: PHYS20050 > Lecture 7: Cell Matrix Interactions > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Cell Matrix Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

___________: the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane.

  • Composed of carbohydrates ________ linked to membrane lipids and proteins
  • Serves as a protective barrier
  • Also important for enabling cells to ________ each other
A

Glycocalyx: the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane.

  • Composed of carbohydrates covalently linked to membrane lipids and proteins
  • Serves as a protective barrier
  • Also important for enabling cells to Indentify each other
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2
Q

4 Types of Tissue

A
  • Epithelial
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Connective
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3
Q

In _________ tissue cells are scanty but the extracellular matrix is plentiful and carries the mechanical load

A

In Connective tissue cells are scanty but extracellular matrix is plentiful and carries the mechanical load

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4
Q

Animal Connective Tissues

  • Tough and Flexible: ie __________
  • Hard and dense ie __________
  • Resilient and Shock absorbing ie __________
  • Soft and transparent ie __________
A

Animal Connective Tissues

  • Tough and Flexible: ie Tendons
  • Hard and dense ie Bone
  • Resilient and Shock absorbing ie Cartilage
  • Soft and transparent ie Jelly that fills eye
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5
Q

T/F the extracellular matrix can determine cell shape?

A

True

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6
Q

The amount and composition of the extracellular matrix is what differentiates connective tissue T/F

A

True

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7
Q

____________:

  • A fibrous glycoprotein found only in ECM
  • Produced by ________
  • Very resistant to pulling forces
  • •Provides the insoluble framework determining the mechanical properties of the matrix
A

Collagen:

  • A fibrous glycoprotein found only in ECM
  • Produced by fibroblasts
  • Very resistant to pulling forces
  • •Provides the insoluble framework determining the mechanical properties of the matrix
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8
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

Collagen

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9
Q

__________:

  • The main component of elastic fibers able to withstand pressure/pulling
  • Collagen fibres are interwoven with elastic fibers to prevent tissue from tearing
A

Elastin:

  • The main component of elastic fibers able to withstand pressure/pulling
  • Collagen fibres are interwoven with elastic fibers to prevent tissue from tearing
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10
Q

Extracellular matrix:

  • A mixture of protein molecules and sometimes ______
  • 2 functions?
A

Extracellular matrix:

  • A mixture of protein molecules and sometimes minerals
  • 2 functions
    • Provides a scaffold for cellular attachment
    • Transmits information in the form of chemical messengers to the cells to regulate migration, growth, and differentiation
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11
Q

_________ produce the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts produce the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

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12
Q

________ Provides Tensile Strength in Animal Connective Tissue

A

Collagen

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13
Q

Collagen molecules assemble into ordered polymers to form _____ and these can pack together into even thicker collagen _____

A

Collagen molecules assemble into ordered polymers to form FIBRILS and these can pack together into even thicker collagen FIBERS

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14
Q

Incorrect collagen assembly can cause ________ skin

A

Incorrect collagen assembly can cause hyperextensible skin

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15
Q

______ _______ play a role in many disease processes ranging from arthritis where they contribute to the breakdown of cartilage in affected joints and cancer where they help cells invade normal tissue

A

Matrix Proteinases play a role in many disease processes ranging from arthritis where they contribute to the breakdown of cartilage in affected joints to cancer where they help cells invade normal tissue

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16
Q

________: negatively charged polysaccharide chains made of repeating disaccharide units that help fill space in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Absorb a lot of water

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS): negatively charged polysaccharide chains made of repeating disaccharide units that help fill space in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Absorb a lot of water

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17
Q

Chains of GAGs covalently linked to a core protein form _______

A

Chains of GAGs covalently linked to a core protein form proteoglycans

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18
Q

Proteoglycans are strongly hydrophilic (T/F)

A

True

Form porous hydrated gel fills the extracellular space

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19
Q

Proteoglycans

  1. Form gels of varying ____ size that act as filters to regulate the passage of molecules through the extracellular matrix
  2. They bind secreted _______ ________ and other proteins that serve as signals to the cells
  3. They can block, encourage or guide ____ ________ through the extracellular matrix.
A

Proteoglycans

  1. Form gels of varying pore size that act as filters to regulate the passage of molecules through the extracellular matrix
  2. They bind secreted growth factors and other proteins that serve as signals to the cells
  3. They can block, encourage or guide cell migration through the extracellular matrix.
20
Q

Fibronectin

  • High-molecular-weight ________
  • Contains binding sites for ________ and _______
  • Binding sites for receptors on the cell surface
  • Influence the potential of a cell for growth, differentiation, and migration
  • Binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called _______
A

Fibronectin

  • High-molecular-weight Glycoprotein
  • Contains binding sites for Proteoglycans and Collagens
  • Binding sites for receptors on the cell surface
  • Influence the potential of a cell for growth, differentiation, and migration
  • Binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called Intergrins
21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q
A
24
Q

Clinical application of this glycoproteins has been found to aid wound healing. Deposited at wound interface after injury promotes cell migration

A

Fibronectin

25
Q

Family of integral membrane proteins composed of two membrane spanning polypeptide chains, (alpha and beta)

A

Integrins

26
Q

Main receptor proteins that cells use to both bind to and respond to the extracellular matrix?

A

Integrins

Integrins are involved in the adhesion of cells to substratum or other cells and transmission of signals from the external environment to the cell interior (“outside-in” signaling)

27
Q

Extracellular glycoprotein that binds to cell surface receptors including proteoglycans, other components of the basal lamina, integrins and other instances of itself.

A

Laminin

28
Q

Two main classes of extracellular macromolecules that make up the matrix

A

(1) glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)
* found covalently linked to protein in the form of proteoglycans
(2) fibrous proteins

  • collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin
  • have both structural and adhesive functions
29
Q
  • Focal Adhesions and Hemi-desmosomes are examples of _________
  • What purpose do they serve
A
  • Focal Adhesions and Hemi-desmosomes are examples of Achoring Junctions
  • Essential for providing
    • Tissue structure
    • Mechanical strain
    • Migration
    • Regulation of matrix expression
    • Wound healing
30
Q

Hemi-Desmosomes:

  • Crucial for _______ structures
  • Connects intracellular intermediate filament network to extracellular matrix
  • ________ than focal adhesion
  • Transmembrane adhesion protein is an _______ rather than cadherin
A

Hemi-Desmosomes:

  • Crucial for epithelial structures
  • Connects intracellular intermediate filament network to extracellular matrix
  • Stronger than focal adhesion
  • Transmembrane adhesion protein is an Integrin rather than cadherin
31
Q

Cadherin: Cell to ______

Integrin: Cell to______

A

Cadherin: Cell to Cell

Integrin: Cell to Matrix

32
Q

_________ anchor the keratin filaments in an epithelial cell to the basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosomes anchor the keratin filaments in an epithelial cell to the basal lamina

33
Q

Integrins link to keratin via ______

A

Integrins link to keratin via plectin

34
Q

Hemidesmosomes connect the basal surface of an epithelial cell to the underlying _____ _____

  • The extracellular domains of the integrins that mediate the adhesion bind to a ______ protein in the basal lamina
  • An intracellular domain binds via an anchor protein (_______) to keratin intermediate filaments.
A

Hemidesmosomes connect the basal surface of an epithelial cell to the underlying Basal Lamina

  • The extracellular domains of the integrins that mediate the adhesion bind to a Laminin protein in the basal lamina
  • An intracellular domain binds via an anchor protein (Plectin) to keratin intermediate filaments.
35
Q

Plasma membrane in scattered regions of _______ ________ contains large clusters of integrins

Dynamic structures –can be rapidly disassembled

A

Plasma membrane in scattered regions of focal adhesion contains large clusters of integrins

Dynamic structures –can be rapidly disassembled

36
Q

_______ _______ can be assembled and disassembled to facilitate cell movement via actin and myosin filaments

A

Focal adhesions can be assembled and disassembled to facilitate cell movement via actin and myosin filaments

37
Q

_______ on white blood cells help cells to crawl out of blood vessels at sites of infection,

Lack of this type of protein leads to _______ _______ ________ and susceptibility to infection

A

Integrins on white blood cells help cells to crawl out of blood vessels at sites of infection,

Lack of this type of integrin leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency and susceptibility to infection

38
Q

Individuals who lack a certain type of ______ bleed excessively as their platelets cannot bind to the necessary clotting factor in the extracellular matrix

A

Individuals who lack a certain type of Integrin bleed excessively as their platelets cannot bind to the necessary clotting factor in the extracellular matrix

39
Q

Extracellular Matrix

  • The extracellular matrix consists of secreted _________ ie. collagen
  • Collagen is embedded in a network of ________ fibers
  • Cells are attached to ECM by _______ which binds to Integrins which are transmembrane.
A

Extracellular Matrix

  • The extracellular matrix consists of secreted glycoproteins ie. collagen
  • Collagen is embedded in a network of proteoglycan fibers
  • Cells are attached to ECM by Fibronectrin which binds to Integrins which are transmembrane.
40
Q
  • Fibronectin binds to transmembrane Integrins allowing signaling from _______
  • Integrins bind to actin filaments allowing signaling from the _______
A
  • Fibronectin binds to transmembrane Integrins allowing signaling from Outside- In
  • Integrins bind to actin filaments allowing signaling from the Inside-Out
41
Q

___________:

  • Cell-cell fusion, barrier function, dynamic
  • Occludin, Claudin
A

Tight Junction:

  • Cell-cell fusion, barrier function, dynamic
  • Occludin, Claudin
42
Q

______________:

  • Cell-cell fusion, senses contact, dynamic.
  • cadherins, catenins, vinculin, cortical actin
A

Adherens Junction:

  • Cell-cell fusion, senses contact, dynamic.
  • cadherins, catenins, vinculin, cortical actin
43
Q

______________:

  • Fastening cells, Rivet.
  • Connected to intermediate filaments.
  • cadherin, plakoglobin/desmoplakin
A

Desmosome:

  • Fastening cells, Rivet.
  • Connected to intermediate filaments.
  • cadherin, plakoglobin/desmoplakin
44
Q

______________:

  • Cytoplasmic channels between cells.
  • Connexins
  • Transfer of nutrients and genetic material.
A

Gap Junctions:

  • Cytoplasmic channels between cells.
  • Connexins
  • Transfer of nutrients and genetic material.
45
Q

_____________:

  • attachment to the basal lamina (laminin)
  • integrin, plectin, keratin
A

Hemi Desmosome:

  • attachment to the basal lamina (laminin)
  • integrin, plectin, keratin
46
Q

_____________:

  • Fibroblast to ECM (fibronectin)
  • motility
  • signaling
  • matrix synthesis
  • integrin, talin, filamin, vinculin, actin
A

Focal Adhesions:

  • Fibroblast to ECM (fibronectin)
  • motility
  • signaling
  • matrix synthesis
  • integrin, talin, filamin, vinculin, actin

Sem 1: PHYS20050 (6 decks)

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