Lecture 2: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

• Have Ribosomes attached to the cytosolic surface
• Proteins synthesized on attached ribosomes enter the lumen for distribution to other organelles or excretion from cell

Answer 1

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 2

____________:

• Highly branched tubular network
• Contains enzymes for fatty acid and steroid synthesis
• Stores and releases _________ which controls cell activity

Answer 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 3

The primary function of this organelle is to process and package lipids and proteins synthesized by the cell. Especially important for processing of _______ for secretion

Answer 3

Golgi Apparatus

Concentrates modifies and sorts proteins from the ER prior to their distribution to other organelles or to secretion from the cell

Question 4

(T/F) the number of mitochondria per cell varies

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Mitochondrial Myopathies are often associated with ________?

Answer 5

Neuromuscular Disease

Question 6

How did mitochondria originate in Eucaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Ancestral euchariotic cells were not able to use oxygen, took up a bacteriam that was aerobic, was a symbiotic relationship

Question 7

__________ fuses with a vacuole and breaks down foreign material

Answer 7

Phagolysosome fuses with a vacuole and breaks down foreign material

Question 8

Fluid within the lysosome is ______, contains digestive enzymes

Answer 8

Fluid within the lysosome is acidic, contains digestive enzymes

Question 9

Hurler Disease (aka Mucopolysaccharidosis) is an example of _______

Answer 9

Lysosomal Enzyme Failure

Manifested with build-up of mucopolysaccharides and dysmorphic features

Question 10

__________:Membrane-bound organelle similar to lysosome

• Generates and degrades H₂O₂
• Breakdown of fatty acid and ______ in the liver
• Formed in the cytoplasm

Answer 10

Peroxisome: Membrane-bound organelle similar to lysosome

• Generates and degrades H₂O₂
• Breakdown of fatty acid and alcohol in the liver
• Formed in the cytoplasm

Question 11

_______: Genetic Disorder characterized by reduction or absence of peroxisomes

Characteristics include:

• An enlarged ______
• High levels of iron and _____ in blood
• Lack of muscle tone and inability to move

Diagnosis?

Answer 11

Zellweger Syndrome: disorder characterized by reduction or absence of peroxisomes

Characteristics include:

• An enlarged Liver
• High levels of iron and Copper in blood
• Lack of muscle tone and inability to move

Diagnosis?

• Biochemical –presence of very long chain fatty acids in serum
• Genetic