Lecture 7 - Blood Pressure I Flashcards
What is Mean Arterial pressure?
Driving force for blood flow
Average pressure driving blood toward into tissue throughout cardiac cycle
What is the equation of MAP?
MAP = CO x TPR
What are main determinants of MAP?
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Total pressure resistance
What is Heart rate controlled by?
ANS
What is stroke volume influenced by?
Venous return which is influenced by skeletal muscle pump, respiratory activity
Blood volume
Inotropy and ventricular preload
What does TPR depend on?
Blood viscosity
Arteriolar radius
Length of vessel
Normal blood pressure
120/80mmhg
Hypertension
140/90mmHg
Hypotension
100/60mmHg
What is the equation for cardiac output?
CO = HR x SV
What is pulse pressure?
Force that the heart generates every time it contracts
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
What is equation of pulse pressure?
SBP-DBP
What is MAP
DBP + 1/3(PP)
An increase in cardiac output
Increase in the volume of blood contained in the aorta
Increase in mean arterial pressure when total peripheral resistance remain the same
Constant cardiac output
Increase in volume of blood contained in aorta
Increase in mean arterial pressure when total peripheral resistance increases
Short term regulation
Secs —> Mins Regulate CO and TPR Involves heart and blood vessels Neural control (ANS) Response augmented by chemoreceptors
Long term regulation
Mins —> days
Regulate total blood volume (TBV)
Involves kidneys
Hormonal control
Too high (MAP)
Extra work for heart
Increases risk of vascuature damage
Rupture of small blood vessels
Too low (MAP)
Insufficient driving pressure
Brain and other tissues will not receive adequate blood flow
Where are chemoreceptors located?
Aortic and carotid arteries
What does chemoreceptors respond to?
Very low oxygen
High acid levels
What does stroke volume increase in response to?
Sympathetic activity
How do you maintain blood pressure?
Negative feedback loop
What is the detector of short term regulation?
Baroreceptors
Where is the location of the baroreceptors?
Carotid sinus
Aortic arch
What is the integration centre for short term regulation located?
Medulla Oblongata
What are the inputs of the integration centre of short term regulation?
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Higher brain centres