Lecture 7: Angiosperm cyle 2; seeds and fruit

Question 1

what does the zygote divide into

Answer 1

basal cell and apical cell

Question 2

What does the basal cell become

Answer 2

suspensor

Question 3

What does the apical cell become

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

What are the two functions of the suspensor

Answer 4

• pushes the embryo up into nutritive tissue

- helps in the absorption of nutrients and production of growth regulators

Question 5

true or false; endosperm nuclei can keep dividing accumulating starch

Answer 5

true

Question 6

What triggers the development of the endosperm

Answer 6

• fertilization of the egg cell

Question 7

What do mutants; which only produce one sperm do?

Answer 7

the sperm preferentially fertilize the egg and stimulate the unfertilized endosperm nucleus to divide

Question 8

What are the functions of the endosperm

Answer 8

• to nurture the embryo during the early development stages of its development
• to provide energy reserve for seed germination
• it is also the source of many human foods such as flour and grains eg. wheat, rice maize, oats, barley, millet, sorghum
  and a variety of oils

Question 9

Is the liquid in coconut endosperm?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

What is the endosperm texture in maize

Answer 10

floury

Question 11

Is an important legume family

Answer 11

fabaceae; peas and beans; peanut, canola

Question 12

true or false; the spines of a seed coat can aid in despersal

Answer 12

true

Question 13

What happens when the seed becomes dormant

Answer 13

it loses water

Question 14

What do you call the embryonic shoot?

Answer 14

plumule

Question 15

What is the plumule connected to

Answer 15

embryonic root; radicle; by the hypocotyl

Question 16

What is a fruit

Answer 16

• a mature ovary (or group of ovaries) which contains the seeds called a fruit
• it may have associated structures such as an enlarged receptacle
• fruit may be juicy and succulent but can also be dry and non succulent

Question 17

What are the 3 main types of fruit

Answer 17

simple
aggregate
multiple

Question 18

Describe a simple fruit and give an example

Answer 18

• develop from one or several fused carpels

- eg. peach

Question 19

Describe an aggregate fruit and give an example

Answer 19

blackberyy

- consist of many separate carpels

Question 20

Describe the strawberry fruit

Answer 20

it has a fleshy receptacle which is where the numerous seeds are embedded into

Question 21

What are the two seed patterns

Answer 21

epigeous and hypogeous

Question 22

What does epigeous mean

Answer 22

the cotyledons are carried above ground

Question 23

What does hypogeous mean

Answer 23

the cotyledons remain in the soil