Lecture 4: Angiosperm; introduction and characteristics

Question 1

What are the four main groups of land plants?

Answer 1

gymnosperms
angiosperms
pteridophytes
bryophytes

Question 2

what is the most common out of all plant groups?

Answer 2

angiosperms

255 000 species world wide

Question 3

How many species of angiosperms do we have in NZ

Answer 3

2300

- but only 25 species of gymnosperms here

Question 4

true or false; gymnosperms provide raw materials for the pastoral economy in NZ

Answer 4

true

- found mostly in paddocks

Question 5

What is taxonomy?

Answer 5

• science of classification
• groups organisms on the basis of shared common characters or similarities
• characters must be homologous
• latin name (genus and species)
• modern classification are phylogenetic, that is they reflect evolutionary relationships

Question 6

What are the benefits of taxonomy

Answer 6

• allows you identify a characteristic immediately

- create a hierarchy of categories like family genus and species

Question 7

What division do angiosperms belong to?

Answer 7

Anthophyta

Question 8

what are the two groups that angiosperms have been divided into

Answer 8

monocots and dicots

Question 9

How many species do monocots have

Answer 9

60 000

Question 10

How many species do dicots have

Answer 10

195000

Question 11

How many cotyledons do eudicots have

Answer 11

2

Question 12

How many cotyledons do monocots have

Answer 12

1

Question 13

How many flower parts do eudicots have

Answer 13

5s (usually)

Question 14

How many flower parts do monocots have usually

Answer 14

3s

Question 15

What are the veins of eudicots like?

Answer 15

veined

Question 16

describe the structure of a monocot leaf

Answer 16

parallel

Question 17

Where are the roots of a eudicot derived from

Answer 17

radicle (tap)

Question 18

Where are the roots of a monocot derived from?

Answer 18

highly adventitous

Question 19

Describe the vascular bundles of a eudicot

Answer 19

open in a ring (has cambium)

Question 20

Describe the vascular bundles of a monocot

Answer 20

closed and scattered (no cambium)

Question 21

How are angiosperms classified ( which organ determines the classification)

Answer 21

mostly the flower part

Question 22

What do the scientific names of flowers end in usually?

Answer 22

aceae

Question 23

What are the unifying features of angiosperms?

Answer 23

• they have specialized structures for reproduction called flowers
• they have distinctive life cycle with an extreme reduction of the gametophyte or haploid phase
• seeds are enclosed in a protective structure and borne in fruit

Question 24

What are whorls and how many sets do flowers have

Answer 24

• whorls are set of structures

- flowers have 4 whorls

Question 25

What are the 4 whorls of flowers?

Answer 25

carpel (gynoecium) androecium (stamens) corolla (petals) calyx (sepals)

Question 26

What are the seeds of flowers enclosed in?

Answer 26

in an ovary | - which develops into a fruit

Question 27

What does the word angiosperm translate to in english?

Answer 27

seed vessel

Question 28

true or false; flowers are modified shoots

Answer 28

true

Question 29

true or false; ovules don't have to be fertilized to form seeds

Answer 29

false; ovules must be fertilized

Question 30

true or false; in monocotyledons having the same colored petals as the sepals is common

Answer 30

true

Question 31

what is an inflorescence

Answer 31

cluster or grouping of individual flowers

Question 32

Define placentation

Answer 32

the manner of ovule attachment within the ovary

Question 33

What is a peduncle

Answer 33

stalk of inflorescence

Question 34

What is a pedicel

Answer 34

stalk of individual flower in an inflorescence

Question 35

What is a carpel

Answer 35

contains ovules which develops into seeds after fertilization while the carpel itself develops into the fruit wall

Question 36

What is a receptacle

Answer 36

where flower parts are attached

Question 37

What is a filament

Answer 37

slender stalk

Question 38

what is an anther

Answer 38

contains microsporangia