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CONST MECH MAT > LECTURE 7 > Flashcards

LECTURE 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Steel Definition

A

An allow consisting primarily of iron but contains carbon and small amounts of other elements

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2
Q

How is steel made

A

By oxidizing crude or pig iron

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3
Q

An increase in carbon content mean

A

Increased strength, lower weld ability and lower ductility

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4
Q

alloying elements improve

A

strength weld ability ductility and corrosion resistance

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5
Q

What are the four operations required for production of most metals

A

mining, ore preparation, metal extraction from ore, refining

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6
Q

in ore preparation

A

metal compounds are separated from bits of sand and rocks

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7
Q

in metal extraction from ore

A

metal is chemically separated from other elements

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8
Q

What are the three general classes of ferrous metals

A

cast iron
wrought iron
steel

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9
Q

non ferrous metals in construction include

A

aluminum
copper
lead

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10
Q

Features of aluminum

A

lightwieght
machinable
weldable

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11
Q

features of copper

A

highly ductile
meleable heat and electricity conductor

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12
Q

features of lead

A

Low melting point, low strength

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13
Q

In north america most steel is made from

A

recyled steel scrap in “mini-mills”

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Making steel step 1

A

extract, proportionate, and mix iron limestone and coal

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16
Q

making steel step 2

A

add iron limestone and coal to blast furnace

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17
Q

making steel step 3

A

recieve molten iron from the bottom of the blast furnace

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18
Q

making steel part 4

A

refinement by blowing oxygen into molten steel

remove impurities from steel such as carbon and silicon

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19
Q

making steel step 5

A

solidify the molten steel and form into desired shapes

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20
Q

Cast iron features

A

brittle and difficult to work with, strong in compression not as strong in tension carbon content 2-4%

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21
Q

first cast iron structure

A

late 1700s bridge in england

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22
Q

wrought iron features

A

little to no carbon
strong in tension weaker in compression
malleable
special welding techniques

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23
Q

steel features

A

carbon content less than 2
strong in both tension and compression
ductile

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24
Q

mild steel features

A

<0.3% carbon, small amounts of other metals improve strength toughness and other qualities

reasonably strong and highly ductile and easily welded

equal strength in tension and compression

25
as % carbon decreases
strength and hardness decrease ductility and toughness increase
26
as carbon % increases
strength and hardness increase ductility and toughness decrease
27
low alloy steels have
<5% non carbon addition
28
High alloy steels have
>5% non carbon addition
29
Stainless steel contains ____ because___-
added nickel and chromium form a self protecting layer that provides long lasting protection against corrosion
30
galvanized steel sections are ____ because ___
hot dip galvanized with molten zinc for corrosion protection
31
GSA G40.21 Classes
W. weldable WT. weldable notch tough R. atmospheric corrosion resistant A. atmospheric corrosion resistant weldable AT atmospheric corrosion resistant weldable notch tough Q. quenched and tempered low alloy steels plate QT quenched and tempered low alloy notch tough steel plate
32
Type W steel is features
suitable for general welded construction where notch toughness at low temps is not a requirement buildings and bridge compression members
33
WT steel features
meets charpy V-notch requirements and a suitable for welded construction where notch toughness at a lower design temperature is a design requirement
34
Type R steel features
Oxidized coat of weather steel, looks cool, can resist atmospheric corrosion
35
Static loading means
the load monolithically increases slowly from the initial value of zero to the final value
36
material response depends on load and…
loading rate and load cycling
37
in tensile steel tests we assume
stress is evenly distributed along cross section and strain is evenly distributed along the member
38
Engineering stress is
applied load over initial cross section
39
true Stress is
applied load over the true current cross sectional area as P acts (during necking it gets smaller)
40
When is engineering stress equal to. true stress
when strains are sufficiently small
41
when is the difference between engineering stress and true stress considerable
under large strains
42
True strain equation in terms of engineering strain
Et=ln(1+E)
43
linear behavior
the portion of the stress strain curve where stress over strain is constant
44
elsatic behavior
upon removal of the load, the strain returns to zero
45
Proportional limit
the point at which the behavior of steel remains linear
46
Elastic limit
the point at which the behavior of steel remains elastic
47
Modulus of elasticity
the slope of the stress strain curve in the linear elastic region (young’s modulus)
48
Yield strength 0.2% rule
a line parallel to the linear portion of the stress strain curve that passes through the yield strength will also pass through 0 at a strain of 0.002
49
ultimate stress
the ultimate engineering stress that the specimen experiences
50
Structural steel upper bound and lower bound yield point because
the stress required to initiate yield is greater than the one required to continue the yielding process (think gibbs ears)
51
Design assumption in stress strain curve points
proportional limit elastic limit and yield point are all equal
52
the modulus of resilience is
a measure of energy absorbed by a material up to the time it yields under load and is represented bu the area under the stress strain diagram to the yield point
53
modulus of resilience equation
U0=1/2sigmayieldepsilonyeild
54
toughness is
the ability of the steel to resist impact. also the area under the stress strain curve
55
Hardness is
the ability to resist abrasion or penetration on its surface
56
toughness vs hardness
the ability of steel to resist impact or dissipate energy is toughness the ability to resist abrasion or penetration on the surface is hardness
57
Necking is
a mode of tensile deformation where large amounts of strain localized into a small region
58

CONST MECH MAT (10 decks)

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