Lecture 7 Flashcards
polymer of glucose
Glycogen
an energy storage molecule in animals.
Glycogen
When there is adequate ATP present, excess glucose is shunted into glycogen
for
storage
The glycogen will be hydrolyzed into
glucose monomers
The presence of glycogen as a source of glucose allows ATP to be produced for a longer period of time during
exercise
The glycogen will be hydrolyzed into glucose monomers (G-1-P) if blood
sugar levels
drop
a disaccharide with a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose bonded together with a glycosidic linkage.
Sucrose
Glucose + fructose
Sucrose
Fructose is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and
galactose (which is part of the milk sugar, the disaccharide lactose), which are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during
digestion
glucose + galactose
Fructose
Sucrose is a disaccharide with a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose bonded together with
glycosidic linkage.
if the body is in a state of starvation, some amino acids will be shunted into the
pathways of glucose catabolism
are hydrolyzed by a variety of enzymes in cells.
proteins
In mammals, the _______ synthesizes urea from two ammonia molecules and a
carbon dioxide molecule.
Liver
the principal waste product in mammals produced from the nitrogen originating in amino acids, and it leaves the body in urine.
urea
lipids that are connected to the glucose pathways
cholesterol and triglycerides.
a lipid that contributes to cell membrane flexibility and is a precursor of steroid hormones.
Cholesterol
The synthesis of cholesterol starts with acetyl groups and proceeds in____
one direction.
a form of long-term energy storage in animals.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are made of glycerol and ____
three fatty acids.
Glycerol can be phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate, which continues through____
glycolysis.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called
beta-oxidation
Anabolic reactions store excess kilocalories as
glycogen and adipose tissue
peaks three days into fasting or limited carbohydrate intake
Ketogenesis
Catabolic reactions use glycogen, adipose tissue, and CARBOHYDRATE for energy
true or false
False- protein
beta-oxidation that takes place in____
matrix of the mitochondria
Alcohol contains 12 kilocalories per gram
T or F
False - 7 kc
Excess energy from alcohol is converted to fatty acids and stored as glycerides
T or F
false - triglycerides
Genetic conditions in which an individual lacks an enzyme that controls a specific metabolic pathway
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
