Lecture 5 Flashcards
first found in the nuclei of cells
Nucleic Acids
the best-known nucleic acid
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
an integral part of chromosomes, which contain genes that carry the information responsible for the synthesis of proteins.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
a combination of a nitrogen base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphoric acid.DNA
Nucleotide
has one of five different bases and one of two different sugars.
Nucleotide
composed of two fused rings incorporating
two nitrogen atoms in each ring
Adenine and guanine;
composed of a single ring with two
nitrogen atoms in the ring
structure
Cytosine, thymine, and uracil;
provides the “acid” in nucleic acid
Phosphoric acid
The combination of a nitrogen base with a 5-carbon sugar is a
Nucleoside
Phosporic Acid + nucleoside
Nucleotide
a phosphate ester of a nucleoside.
Nucleotide
are complex biological molecules,
primarily or entirely protein, that behave as biological catalysts.
enzymes
Enzymes are normally very specific in their action, often targeting only one specific
reacting species, known as
Substrate
Some enzymes consist entirely of proteins, whereas others have nonprotein
portions known
Cofactors
a cofactor that is a small organic molecule such as a vitamin.
Coenzyme
are organic molecules that are essential for normal health and growth.
Vitamins
are soluble in aqueous solutions and cannot be stored in the body.
Water-soluble vitamins
are easily destroyed by heat, oxygen, and ultraviolet light
Water-soluble vitamins
B1 is also known as
Thiamine
Thiamine is associated with what coenzyme?
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
B2 is also known as
Riboflavin
B2 is associated with what coenzyme?
flavin adeninecdinucleotide (FAD) and flavin
mononucleotide (FMN)
B3 is known as
Niacin
B3 is associated with what coenzyme?
nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide
(NAD2+) and nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP2+)
B5 is known as
Pantothenic acid,
Pantothenic acid is associated with what coenzyme?
coenzyme A
B6 is known as
Pyridoxine
B6 associated with what coenzyme?
pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
B9 is known as
Folic Acid
B9 associated with what coenzyme?
tetrahydrofolate (THF)
B12 is known as
Cobalamin
B12 associated with what coenzyme?
methylcobalamin
Vitamin C is known as
Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin H is known as
Biotin
Soluble in lipids but not in aqueous solutions.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
What are the Fat soluble Vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, & K
Vitamin A is also known as
Retinol
Vitamin D (D3)is also known as
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin E is also known as
Tocopherol
regulates the absorption of phosphorus and calcium during bone growth.
Vitamin D
Necessary to avoid night blindness, immune system
repression, and slowed growth.
Vitamin A
An antioxidant in cells.
Vitamin E
Vitamin K is also known as
Menaquinon
Needed for the synthesis of zymogens for blood clotting.
Vitamin K
Necessary to avoid hemolysis and anemia.
Vitamin E
