lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

not all self antigens are expressed in the thymus so potentially self reactive to antigens elsewhere. what transcription factor combats this

A

AIRE

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2
Q

what does AIRE (autoimmune regulator protein) do

A

turns on lots of tissue specific genes in the thymus

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3
Q

T cells can escape negative selctive by further rearrangement of

A

TCRα locus (like BCR light chain)

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4
Q

lymphocytes that recognise self AG can also become unresponsive know as

A

anergic

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5
Q

what are privileged sites

A

sites that that B and T cells cant get to (e.g eye, testis and CNS)

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6
Q

what do T reg cells do

A

turn other t cells off

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7
Q

T reg cells come from some of the T cells with

A

high affinity receptors for self antigens

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8
Q

natural T regs come from the thymus
induced t regs are

A

turned into T regs later

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9
Q

deficiency of T regs leads to

A

severe autoimmune syndrome

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10
Q

B cells that secrete IL-10 are

A

B regulatory cells

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11
Q

T helper 1 cells release what cytokine and what does it do

A

TFN-γ and activates macrophages to engulf bacteria more efficiently

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12
Q

if you have a worm infection you will produce more

A

T helper 2 cells

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13
Q

what cytokines do T helper 2 cells secrete and what do they do

A

IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13
they recruit cells that are good at firing out things that are good at destroying extracellular organisms (e.g eosinophils, mast cells and plasma cell)

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14
Q

what do CD4 T helper 17 cells promote

A

responses against fungi

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15
Q

Th1 express ligand which binds to

A

CD40 on macrophage

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16
Q

CD4 Th1 kill chronically infected macrophages, released bacteria destroyed by

A

healthy macrophage

17
Q

Th17 secrete which cytokine

18
Q

what cytokines do CD4 T regs release

A

TGF-beta and IL-10

19
Q

IL-10 inhibits what

A

APCs inhibiting further t cell activation

20
Q

what signal determines what type of t cell the naive cell will become

21
Q

what cytokine from APCs cause Th1 response

A

IF-12 and IFN-γ

22
Q

what cytokine from APCs cause Th2 response

23
Q

what transcription factors are expressed in each t cell

A

Th2- GATA3
Th1- T-bet
Th17- RORγT
Tfh- Bcl6
Treg- FoxP3

24
Q

what do the pattern recognition receptors do

A

they recognise what the pathogen is causing the DC to secrete the cytokine which causes the correct T cell response (e.g Th1) for that pathogen

25
what do the pattern recognition receptors do
they recognise what the pathogen is causing the DC to secrete the cytokine which causes the correct T cell response (e.g Th1) for that pathogen
26
what pathogens does Th1 respond to
intracellular pathogens - most viruses, some bacteria and fungi
27
what pathogens does Th2 respond to
extracellular parasites - e.g worms
28
if the naive T cell receives IL-12 cytokine from the APC what molecule moves to the nucleus and turns on T-bet transcription factor promoting Th1
STAT4
29
if the naive T cell receives IL-4 cytokine from the APC what molecule moves to the nucleus and turns on GATA-3 transcription factor promoting Th2
STAT6
30
Th1 cytokines inhibit
development of Th2 and Th17
31
Th2 cytokines inhibit
development of Th1 and Th17
32
Th17 cytokines inhibit
development of T reg
33
T reg cytokines inhibit
all other t cell types