Lecture 7 Flashcards
smallpox
variola virus
symptoms: headache, fever, myalgia, flu-like symptoms + pustulous rash that leads to scarring
- 30% fatality rate, extremely contagious
1st recorded in 1000 BC in China
only pathogen ever successfully eradicated
inoculation of
unexposed individuals using ground up scabs from infected persons
smallpox spread through the world because of
colonialism, impacting previously unexposed civilizations from the 6th-18th century
1952 smallpox was
considered eradicated from the US
1979 mass vaccination effort by
WHO led to declaration of eradication of smallpox
Polio
symptoms: asymtomatic, general febrile illness, paralysis(1in200)
- fecal-oral transmission
- highly contagious
- vaccine developed in 1955 by peter salk
polio was eradicated in
the US since 1979
Oral poliovirus is a
live-attenuated vaccine. this vaccine could rever into an illness causing form and spread amoung unvaccinaded individuals
Making influenza vaccine #1
samples sent from 14 influenza centers to WHO labs for genetic sequencing
Making influenza vaccine #2
WHO directors conduct two yearly meetings to discuss genetic surveillance and clinical trials results; deicde formulation of vaccine
Making influenza vaccine #3
WHO composition committee presents data to participating countries
Making influenza vaccine #4
Each country makes its own decision about which viruses should be included in flu vaccines licensed in the country. In the US this is the FDA’s responsibility
Making influenza vaccine #5
vaccines go into production and testing during the summer
Making influenza vaccine #6
vaccines made publicly avaliable Sept-Oct
Good vaccine …
inexpensive
long shelf life
easy administration
low level of side effects, no harm
protection
stimulation of immune system
few doses
