Lecture 4 Flashcards
Infection diseases are caused by
pathogens, and can be spread through contact via infected persons, food and water
chronic diseases are
non-communicable, and are typically caused by genetics, aging process, and lifestyle factors
Ex: Dementia, diabetes, cancers, heart disease
Epidemiological transition is the process
by which a pattern of mortality and disease in a population shifts from one high mortality due to infectious disease affecting all age groups to one of chronic, degenerative and human made disease
Leading chronic disease deaths, globally
1 - cardiovascular diseases
2 - cancers
3 - respiratory diseases
4 - diabetes
Lifestyle factors + Chronic disease
1 - poor nutrition
2 - tobacco use
3 - excess physical activity
4 - lack of physical activity
5 - mental health + stress
6 - Sleep
Breast cancer & ovarian Cancer
gene - BRCA 1/2 mutations
Early onset Alzheimer’s
gene - Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) & Presenilin 2 (PSEN2)
Late onset Alzheimer’s
Apolipoprotein E (APOE)
Type 2 Diabetes
Gene - TCF7L2, ABCC8, GLUT2, GCGR
Colon Cancer
Genes -MSH2, MSH6, MLH1
Cardiovascular disease
hundreds of genes
Genetic can
increase the likelihood of developing particular chronic diseases
Our lifestyle factors can
influence our genes, making it more or less liely that disease will develop
Epigenetic is
the study oh how one’s behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way genes work.
Can be reversible
DNA Methylation
adds a chemical group to DNA where it blocks the proteins that attach to DNA to read the gene.
Turns gene off making it unable to read.
Can be removed through a process called demethylation
Histone modification
DNA wraps around proteins called histones. DNA wrapped tightly around histones cannot be accessed by proteins that read the gene turning it off
NON coding RNA
Your DNA is used as instructions for making coding and non-coding RNA. Coding RNA is used to make proteins. Non-coding RNA helps control gene expression by attaching to coding RNA
Lifestyle factors and environment have both
a physical repercussion on our health as well as an epigenetic effect
