Lecture 3 Flashcards
Experimental Design
to establish a casual relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable
Observational/Longitudinal Design
AKA cohort study, study participants share a common characteristic and are monitored or followed for a long period of time
Observational/Cross-sectional
Cross-sectional design seeks to capture data that is occurring at a specific point in time, instead of over time
Case Study
- A specific and unique case or set of cases
- in-depth, multi-faceted descriptions of real situations
- Describes expbratory, novel approaches
- limitation: not generalizabel
Systematic review
a comprehensive review of all relevant studies and literature on a particular clinical or health related topic/question
Meta Analysis
A collection of systematic reviews
Selection Bias
An error in the selection of individuals in a study
Social Desirability Bias
Occurs when a participant is giving answers that either they think the investigator wants to hear or gives answers that they think will make them be more socially acceptable, instead of the truth
Randomization
The process of randomly assigning participants into groups based on chance
- usually through a third party or computer
Increases likelihood of matching the general population
Sample Size
An adequate sample size of participants increases the likelihood of generalizability to the population and increases the validity of the study
Power
the greater sample size, the greater the likelihood of being statistically correct when generalized to the population
Validity
how well the results among the study participants represent true findings among similar individuals outside the study
Generalizability
how well the results can be applied to the greater population
Blindness
in an experimental study refers to some or all parties not knowing who is receiving the intervention, and who is in the control group
single blind
the subject does not know if they are getting drug or placebo
