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PT9111 - Test 4 > Lecture 62 - Biomechanics III > Flashcards

Lecture 62 - Biomechanics III Flashcards

1
Q

Gait

A

Cyclic motion of lower and upper limbs that aim to move body forward

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2
Q

5 goals of gait

A
  1. forward progression
  2. shock absorption
  3. lower quarter mobility
  4. stance stability
  5. energy conservation
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3
Q

What are the 2 phases of gait

A
  1. Stance phase
  2. Swing phase
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4
Q

Full gait cycle

A

Time between contact to contact of same foot (stride)

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5
Q

What are the 5 events of stance phase

A
  1. Initial contact: moment when foot contacts ground (heel)
  2. Loading response: Weight is transferred to limb
  3. Mid-stance: Body progresses directly over limb
  4. Terminal Stance: Weight is transferred to forefoot and body moves forward
  5. Pre-swing: Limb is unloaded and weight is shifted to opposite extremity (toe-off)
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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the swing phase

A
  1. Initial-swing: Foot comes off floor and femur begins to advance forward
  2. Mid-swing: Knee begins to extend and foot clears the ground as femur continues to advance
  3. Terminal Swing: Knee begins to extend and foot clears the ground as femur continues to advance
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7
Q

What are the 3 functional domains of the gait cycle

A
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8
Q

Stability

A

Ability of system to return to original state

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9
Q

Static vs dynamic stability

A
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10
Q

Joint stabilit

A

Ability of joints to move effectively without undue stress or risk of injury that is influenced by ligaments, muscles, tendons and other anatomical structures.

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11
Q

What are the 3 components of joint stability

A
  1. Structural factors
  2. Neuromuscular Control
  3. Proprioceptive feedback
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12
Q

What is the base of support and line of gravity

A
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13
Q

Stability vs instability

A
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14
Q

How does wider base of support impact line of gravity

A

Wider base of support may lower line of gravity and increase stability

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15
Q

When the base of support is large….

A

The COG has more freedom to move without going outside the base of support

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16
Q

Examples of modifying COG when carry a load

A
17
Q

What factors affect spinal stability (5)

A
18
Q

What are the 3 major contributors to ankle stability

A
  1. Congruity of articular surfaces when joints are loaded
  2. Static ligamentous restraints
  3. Musculotendinous units
19
Q

Ankle sprains occur when

A

rearfoot undergoes excessive inversion/supination on an externally rotated leg

20
Q

Chronic sprains are likely due to (2)

A
  1. Mechanical Instability
  2. Functional instability
21
Q

What are the 3 lateral ankle ligaments that provide stability

A
22
Q

What are 2 tests to measure ankle ligament tears

A
  1. Anterior drawer test: Positive test = laxity compared to other ankle
  2. Talar tilt test: Tilt calcaneus on talocalcaneal joint
    Positive test = pain or increased laxity on either side
    Eversion = deltoid ligament
    Inversion = calcaneal talar ligament
23
Q

Does anterior drawer test have higher specificity or sensitivity and what does it mean

A

High sensitivity, low specificity
-> rule out the disease (high specificity and negative test) -> ADT
-> if positive you don’t know if you have ligament problems and you have to switch to test with high specificity

24
Q

Does talar tilt test have higher specificity or sensitivity and what does it mean

A

High specificity, low sensitivity (talar tilt diagnostic)
-> rule in the test
-> if positive test = has disease

25
Q

What are the movements and planes that occur in pronation

A
26
Q

What are the movements and planes that occur in supination

A
27
Q

Describe the gait cycle in terms of tibial rotation and pronation or supination

A
28
Q

Explain pronation and supination at ankle

A
29
Q

What happens to the talus during pronation - closed chain

A
30
Q

What are the 3 basic mechanisms that make up supination of the foot

A
31
Q

Explain the metatarsal break angle

A
32
Q

Explain the windlass mechanism

A
33
Q

Explain contralateral swing

A

PT9111 - Test 4 (14 decks)

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