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PT9111 - Test 4 > Lecture 60 - Biomechanics I > Flashcards

Lecture 60 - Biomechanics I Flashcards

1
Q

What is biomechanics

A

Study of structure and function of biological systems by method of mechanics

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2
Q

What is kinematics

A

Description of motion without reference to the cause of the motion
i.e. Displacement, velocity, acceleration

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3
Q

What is kinetics?

A

Analysis of forces that create motion
i.e. force, torque, pressure, momentum, power

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4
Q

What is linear motion?

A

Movement of an object in a straight line, at
the same time, in a parallel path (Portions of the
body do not move relative to each other

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5
Q

What is angular motion?

A

Movement of an object or segment through a fixed axis (Portions of body move at same angle, same time, constant distance from axis)
ex elbow joint moving in flexion and extension

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6
Q

What is curvilinear motion (general motion)?

A

Combination of linear and angular motion, most common form of motion
of the human body

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7
Q

What is osteokinematics

A

Study of motions and bones around an axis in reference to sagittal, frontal or transverse planes

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8
Q

Give examples of movements for sagittal, transverse and frontal planes

A

Sagittal: Flexion/extension (plantar also)
Transverse: MR, LR
Frontal: Side bend, abduction, adduction, ulnar/radial deviation

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9
Q

What is arthrokinematics

A

Describes the motion that
occurs between articular
surfaces of the two bones of a
joint

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10
Q

What are 3 terms to describe arthrokinematics movement

A
  1. Spin
  2. Glide
  3. Roll
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11
Q

Describe spin movement

A
  • Twisting action of the bone
  • Rotation of the bone around it’s mechanical axis
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12
Q

Describe swing movement

A

-Describes an “arc of motion”
-Swings within the sagittal or coronal plane

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13
Q

Describe pure vs impure swings

A

Spin not spine

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14
Q

What is adjunct rotation

A

rotation which is performed independently about its own axis
* Is a separate degree of freedom of motion (medial, lateral rotation of the knee
in partially flexed knee)

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15
Q

What is conjunct motion

A

a spin which much accompany a swing as the bone moves
outside the primary plane of motion
* Occurs about the axis of the primary movement (locking and unlocking of the
knee, combined with flexion or extension)

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16
Q

What does concave mean

A

To bend inwards

17
Q

What does convex mean

A

To bend or protrude

18
Q

What are the 2 types of joint classifications

A

Anatomical: Based upon anatomical features e.g. synovial vs. non synovial joint

Biomechanical: Categorized for join surface shape which defines degrees of freedom of motion

19
Q

What are 2 types of anatomical joints and classify them

A
  • Synovial Joint: Freely moveable because bones are separated from one
    another. Cavity is filled with lubricant or synovial fluid
  • Non-Synovial Joints: bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are
    immovable or just slight moveable e.g. structures of the skull, vertebrae
20
Q

What is an ovoid joint

A

Ovoid Joint: One surface is convex and the other surface is concave (biomechanical classification)
* E.g. wrist, knuckles, fingers
and toes
* Modified: ellipsoid: (MCP
Joint
- Unmodified: Ball and socket/ Hip and shoulder)

21
Q

What is a sellar joint

A

Biomechanical classified joint
Provides flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

22
Q

Difference between modified and unmodified joints

A

Unmodified: Standard ovoid shape provides typical ROM for that joint
Modified: Standard ovoid shape but provides rotation on top of typical ROM for that joint

Modified still has same DOF as unmodified even with extra movement

23
Q

Synovial joint classification table

A
24
Q

Explain the concave-convex rule

A
25
Q

Image and another explanation of concave convex-rule

A
26
Q

What can concave-convex rules be applied to

A

Joint mobilizations, and proposes that in order to restore rotational motion at a joint, a linear mobilization is performed in relation to the treatment plane

27
Q

What is the axis of rotation and give the axis of rotation in relation to sagittal, frontal and transverse planes

A
28
Q

What is the plane of movement, axis of rotation and direction of movement in this image

A
29
Q

Difference between internal and external force

A
  • Internal: Forces that originate
    within the body (ex. Muscles)
  • External: Forces that originate
    outside the body (ex. Gravity)
30
Q

What are force vectors

A
31
Q

What causes an MCL/ACL/Medial meniscus tear

A
32
Q

Explain an MCL/ACL/Medial meniscus tear in terms of arthrokinematics

A
  • Displacement of femur relative to tibia
  • Occult bony lesions occur in 84-98% of
    patients with ACL (majority in lateral
    compartment) due to translation of
    femur
  • Lateral femoral condyle shifts posteriorly,
    and the tibia translates anteriorly and
    either internally or externally rotating

YELLOW ARROWS = bone lesion
BLACK ARROWS = disrupted fibers

33
Q

Explain an MCL/ACL/Medial meniscus tear in terms of kinematics

A

PT9111 - Test 4 (14 decks)

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