Lecture 6 - Upper Extremity

Question 1

Some hallmarks of osteoarthritis, which is something clinicians observe via X-ray, include:

Asymmetric joint space _______.

______ formation (small bony protrusions from one or more of the articular surfaces).

Subchondral sclerosis.

Subchondral cyst formation.

Intraarticular loose bodies.

Answer 1

Narrowing

Osteophyte formation

Question 2

X-rays can also be used to identify bone _____ (when these occur at the articular surface in a joint, they are denoted AVN). Some causes can include trauma, ______, radiation, SLE, and Sickle cell.

Answer 2

Infarcts

Steroids

Question 3

______ dislocations of the shoulder are often misdiagnosed. If left untreated, they can lead to lasting damage of the _____ nerve, and thus limited ROM.

Answer 3

Posterior dislocation

Axillary nerve

Question 4

What do the letters stand for in the acronym CRITOE (with reference to elbow x-rays) and at what ages do you expect to be able to see these on imaging?

Answer 4

C - Capitulum
R - Radial head
I - Internal (medial) epicondyle (of humerus)
T - Trochlea (of humerus)
O - Olecranon
E - External (lateral) epicondyle (of humerus)

You expect to see them at ages 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 respectively.

Question 5

_____ ulnar variance describes when the radial head lies proximal the plane of the distal end of the ulna. _____ ulnar variance describes when the radial head is in line with the distal end of the ulna. ______ variance describes when the radial head lies more distal than the distal end of the ulna.

Answer 5

Negative –> radial head proximal

Neutral –> even

Positive –> more distal