Lecture 3 - Skin Tumors

Question 1

Dysplastic Nevus syndrome, also known as atypical moles, is ______ dominant. The lesions are flat and small (5-10mm), with
varying degrees of even, dark pigmentation.

Answer 1

Autosomal dominant

Question 2

______ of invasion is the single most important factor of Malignant Melanoma prognosis.

Answer 2

Depth of invasion

Question 3

_p__ tumor suppressor gene mutations account for about 40% of hereditary melanoma cases.

Answer 3

9p21

Question 4

What do ABCDE stand for in the ABCDE signs of Melanoma?

Answer 4

A--> Asymmetry
B--> Border
C--> Color
D--> Diameter
E--> Elevation and Enlargement

Question 5

Superficial Spreading Melanoma account for about 70% of melanomas and has a ____ growth phase on the order of months to two years. Neoplastic melanocytes proliferate along the _____-_____ junction.

Answer 5

Radial growth phase

Dermal-Epidermal junction

Question 6

Nodular melanoma accounts for about 15% of melanomas and has a ____ growth phase without radial growth phase. Thus, it is more severe.

Answer 6

Vertical

Question 7

_____ _____ melanoma is typically associated with older patients with heavily sun damaged skin.

Answer 7

Lentigo Maligna melanoma

Question 8

Acral lentiginous melanoma arises typically in the soles of the feet or palms of the hand, and _____ _____ are at highest risk. It has a radial growth phase of months to years.

Answer 8

African Americans

Question 9

Seborrheic Keratoses are caused by activating mutations in the ____ ____ ____ receptor-3, which drive the tumor growth. Leser-Trelat sign describes an explosion of suborrheic keratoses in a patient with gastric _________.

Answer 9

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3

Adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Acanthosis nigricans typically develops in _____ people or those with endocrine abnormalities –> this is the benign type. The malignant type is a paraneoplastic syndrome typically in ______ (young or old?) patients and is associated with ____ cancer.

Answer 10

Obese

GI cancer

Question 11

Epidermoid cysts arise from the follicular _______. They are associated with an awful ______ smell.

Answer 11

Infundibulum

Cheesy smell

Question 12

Pilar cyst arise from the isthmus of the follicle. It shows very dense keratin, unlike Epidermoid cysts, and occurs most often on the _____.

Answer 12

Scalp

Question 13

Actinic Keratosis is a _____-induced dysplasia of the epidermis. These are precursor lesions for ______ cell carcinoma.

Answer 13

Sun-induced

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 14

______ disease is another name for Squamous cell carcinoma.

Answer 14

Bowmen’s disease

Question 15

Keratoacanthoma is a ______ (rapidly or slow?) growing well-differentiated squamous cell proliferation. Microscopically, it appears similar to Verruca Vulgaris.

Answer 15

Rapidly

Question 16

For Invasive Squamous cell Carcinoma, the rates of metastases from _____-induced lesions are LOW.

Answer 16

Sun-induced

Question 17

______ cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in humans, with upward of 1 millions cases in the U.S. annually. It is usually related to sun exposure. Metastases are rare. Peripheral _____ (a picket fence appearance) is typical along the edge of the tumor when viewed under the microscope.

Answer 17

Basal cell

Peripheral Palisading

Question 18

______ sarcoma, a multifocal tumor of endothelial origin, is associated with HHV-8. Patients present with small, reddish-blue macules. Microscopically, the disease shows characteristic spindel cell proliferation with extravasation of _____.

Answer 18

Kaposi Sarcoma

RBCs