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Brain And Behaviour > Lecture 6- Somatosensory And Motor Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 6- Somatosensory And Motor Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is somatosensation

A

All over the body

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2
Q

Somatosensory has a closer relationships with what than any other sense

A

Movement

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3
Q

Receptors are

A

All over skin, muscles, tendons, joints

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4
Q

More receptors =

A

More sensitivity to stimulation

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5
Q

What areas have more receptors

A

Hands, lips

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6
Q

What are the two kinds of skin

A
  • Hairy skin

- Glabrous skin

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7
Q

Glabrous skin

A
  • Skin that does not have skin follicles

- Larger number of sensory receptors than other skin

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8
Q

Hairy skin

A

Relatively low sensitivity

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9
Q

What are most sensitive

A
  • Fingertips
  • Higher density of mechanoreceptors
  • Receptors with small receptive fields
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10
Q

Two point-discrimination test reveals

A

Differences in skin sensitivity across the body

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11
Q

Three main types of somatosensory perception

A
  • Nocioception
  • Hapsis
  • Proprioception
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12
Q

What’s nocioception

A

Perception of pain and temperature

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13
Q

Hapsis

A

Perception of fine touch and pressure

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14
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception of the location and movement of the body

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15
Q

Nocioceptors

A
  • Free nerve endings
  • Sharp/dull pain and heat/cold
  • Damage to dendrite or surrounding cells release chemicals that stimulate dendrite and produces an action potential
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16
Q

Haptic receptors

A
  • Dendrite attached to hair, connective tissue or dendrite encased in capsule of tissue
  • Distinguish touch, pull, vibration
  • Mechanical stimulation provides action potential
  • Composition of capsule determines the type of mechanical energy conducted
17
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Movements stretch the receptors to mechanically stimulate dendrites and produces an action potential

18
Q

Somatosensory receptors tell us 2 things about a sensory event

A
  • When it occurs

- Whether it’s still occurring

19
Q

Rapidly adapting receptor

A

Body sensory receptor that responds briefly to the beginning and end of a stimulus on the body

20
Q

Slowly adapting receptor

A

Body sensory receptor that responds as long as a sensory stimulus is on the body

21
Q

In the dorsal-root ganglion neuron the dendrite and axon are

A

Continuous and carry sensory information from the skin to the CNS via the spinal cord

22
Q

Each spinal cord segment has one

A

Dorsal-root ganglion on each side that contains many dorsal-root ganglion neurons

23
Q

In the spinal cord, the axons of these neurons may synapse onto

A

Other neurons or continue up to the brain

24
Q

Proprioceptive neurons

A
  • Carry information about locations and movement
  • Large
  • Well myelinated
25
Q

Haptic neurons

A
  • Carry information about touch and pressure
  • Large
  • Well myelinated
26
Q

Nocioceptive neurons

A
  • Pain and temp info
  • Small axons
  • Little to no Myelination
27
Q

What’s deafferentiation

A

Loss of incoming sensory input usually due to damage to sensory fibres

28
Q

Dorsal root ganglion neurons consequence of deafferentiation

A
  • Did not lose motor control
  • Simple actions for prolonged periods needed visual feedback
  • Couldn’t perform many daily tasks
  • Afferent feedback is required for fine movement
29
Q

Dorsal spinothalamic tract carries

A

Haptic and proprioceptive information

30
Q

Axons from the dorsal root ganglion neurons enter the spinal cord and ascend

A

ipsilaterally until they synapse in the dorsal column nuclei (base of the brain)

31
Q

Axons from the dorsal column cross over to

A
  • opposite side of the brain

- project up through the brain stem as part of the pathway- medial lemniscus

32
Q

Axon synapses with neurons located in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus project

A

To the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex

33
Q

Ventral/ Anterior Spinothalamic Tract carries

A

Nocioceptive info

34
Q

Unilateral spinal-cord damage results in

A

Distinctive sensory losses to both sides of the body below the site of injury

35
Q

Vestibular system

A

Comprises a set of receptors in each inner ear that responds to body position and to the movement of the head

36
Q

Within each ear, there is a vestibular organ that contains

A
  • Three semicircular canals

- Otolith organs

37
Q

Vestibular organs have which two functions

A
  • Tell is the position of the body in relation to gravity

- Signal changes in the direction and speed of head movements

Brain And Behaviour (7 decks)

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