Lecture 6 - Respiratory Training Flashcards
What is a method of training the respiratory muscle as they can limit performance?
Use a Powerbreath
For strength (develop muscles)
5-7 times per week
6weeks
2x30 breaths
For endurance (extended time with Elevated CO2 intakes)
5x per week
6 weeks
30min session
Because the Ventilator muscles need O2 to function themselves how much of the total consumption do they use at 70% and 100% VO2max?
Why could this be a problem?
- 70% = 5% of O2 consumption
- 100% = 10% Total O2 consumption
Less O2 available to be transported to working muscles.
What did Meuller et al., (2008) find with respiratory training and its effect on exhaustion ?
A significant increase in time to exhaustion post 6 weeks training.
When the respiratory system is pre-fatigued what happens to breathing frequency, ventilation and tidal volume, and what does this mean?
- Frequency increases
- Total ventilation increases
- Tidal volume doesn’t change.
- This means that more breath in taken in and more often, meaning a higher dead space value, meaning total ventilation has to increase.
What happens to the lactate produced within the muscles ?
Lactate is shuttled to type 1 fibres where it is oxidised.
Only 50% of lactate produced appears in vascular system.
How can you measure Breathing volume?
Use esophageal balloons to measure the difference in inhalation and exhalation pressure.
What happens with increasing intensity to breathing patterns ?
Increased
- VE (Volume)
- VE/VO2 (Above ventilation threshold)
- VE/VCO2 (Above RCP)
- Breathing frequency
- Dead space ventilation
What may be a reason for the improved function following breather training ?
Improved inspiration function and diaphragm thickness
What did Gething et al., (2004) find about respiratory training and perceived exertion
Reduced the Perceived exertion at the same intensity.
What is Dead space ventilation and its usual amounts ?
The air that is not exhaled or diffused via the alvioli.
Usual is 156ml in males
What did Sun et al., (2001) find about relationship of venous to arterial CO2 ?
Found that with exercise there is an increse in Venous CO2 but not in the arterial CO2.
What is the Metaboreflex ?
Security system of the body, causing reduced blood flow to working muscles via sympathetic vasoconstriction when respiratory muscles are fatigued.
What ventialatory and metabolic changes did Verges et al., (2008) find with respiratory training ?
- Tidal volume significantly increased
- Breathing frequency increased
- Total ventilation increased
- VO2 improved
- Lactate Values are reduced
What was it that wasserman et al., (1975) found to be a sensor for CO2 ?
Carotid bodies
What three other factors have an influence on ventilation as found by Meyer et al., in their 2015 paper ?
- Core temperature
- Potassium
- Mechano-receptors in muscle
What did Boutellier (1998) summarise about respiratory endurance training effects on the following:
- Respiratory muscles
- Endurance time
- Blood lactate
- Sensation of breathlessness
- Elite vs untrained.
- Increase in endurance time of respiratory muscles
- Increase in endurance time of constant load tests
- Decrease in blood lactate concentrations in post training exercise tests
- Decreased sensation of breathlessness
- Benefits in both trained and untrained individuals
What effect on the blood did Harms et al., (1997) find when breathing was made harder ?
Found that blood flow reduces with labored or harder breathing.
What did Spengler et al., (1999) find out about respiratory endurance training’s subsequent effects for blood lactate and times to exhaustion.
Found that blood lactate concentration are reduced and time to exhaustion is increased.
With raising lactate and subsequent CO2 why does ventilation increase ?
Ventilation increases because chemo-receptors (Carotid bodies) sense excess CO2 and increase ventilation rate to remove this from the body.
What were the summary points of respiratory training effects and where changes are seen from illi et al., (2012)
- Greater effect in less fit individuals
- Greater effect in sports of longer duration
- Inspiratory muscle strength or respiratory endurance
programmes. Both provided a positive effect but not significantly different. - Changes in performance can be seen in:
– Constant load tests
– Time trials
– NOT incremental tests to exhaustion
What is the method to assess the impacts from respiratory training ?
- Constant load tests at 85% max
- Time trials
Do these in the modality that people are used to.
After MLSS why does excess CO2 appear?
Lactate accumulates to a higher degree, coinciding with increased H+ production.
This increased CO2 production as Bicarbonate interacts with this to go from (H+ + HCO3 to CO2 + H2O)
