Lecture 6 - Respiratory Training

Question 1

What is a method of training the respiratory muscle as they can limit performance?

Answer 1

Use a Powerbreath

For strength (develop muscles)
5-7 times per week
6weeks
2x30 breaths

For endurance (extended time with Elevated CO2 intakes)
5x per week
6 weeks
30min session

Question 2

Because the Ventilator muscles need O2 to function themselves how much of the total consumption do they use at 70% and 100% VO2max?

Why could this be a problem?

Answer 2

• 70% = 5% of O2 consumption
• 100% = 10% Total O2 consumption

Less O2 available to be transported to working muscles.

Question 3

What did Meuller et al., (2008) find with respiratory training and its effect on exhaustion ?

Answer 3

A significant increase in time to exhaustion post 6 weeks training.

Question 4

When the respiratory system is pre-fatigued what happens to breathing frequency, ventilation and tidal volume, and what does this mean?

Answer 4

• Frequency increases
• Total ventilation increases
• Tidal volume doesn’t change.
• This means that more breath in taken in and more often, meaning a higher dead space value, meaning total ventilation has to increase.

Question 5

What happens to the lactate produced within the muscles ?

Answer 5

Lactate is shuttled to type 1 fibres where it is oxidised.

Only 50% of lactate produced appears in vascular system.

Question 6

How can you measure Breathing volume?

Answer 6

Use esophageal balloons to measure the difference in inhalation and exhalation pressure.

Question 7

What happens with increasing intensity to breathing patterns ?

Answer 7

Increased

• VE (Volume)
• VE/VO2 (Above ventilation threshold)
• VE/VCO2 (Above RCP)
• Breathing frequency
• Dead space ventilation

Question 8

What may be a reason for the improved function following breather training ?

Answer 8

Improved inspiration function and diaphragm thickness

Question 9

What did Gething et al., (2004) find about respiratory training and perceived exertion

Answer 9

Reduced the Perceived exertion at the same intensity.

Question 10

What is Dead space ventilation and its usual amounts ?

Answer 10

The air that is not exhaled or diffused via the alvioli.

Usual is 156ml in males

Question 11

What did Sun et al., (2001) find about relationship of venous to arterial CO2 ?

Answer 11

Found that with exercise there is an increse in Venous CO2 but not in the arterial CO2.

Question 12

What is the Metaboreflex ?

Answer 12

Security system of the body, causing reduced blood flow to working muscles via sympathetic vasoconstriction when respiratory muscles are fatigued.

Question 13

What ventialatory and metabolic changes did Verges et al., (2008) find with respiratory training ?

Answer 13

• Tidal volume significantly increased
• Breathing frequency increased
• Total ventilation increased
• VO2 improved
• Lactate Values are reduced

Question 14

What was it that wasserman et al., (1975) found to be a sensor for CO2 ?

Answer 14

Carotid bodies

Question 15

What three other factors have an influence on ventilation as found by Meyer et al., in their 2015 paper ?

Answer 15

• Core temperature
• Potassium
• Mechano-receptors in muscle

Question 16

What did Boutellier (1998) summarise about respiratory endurance training effects on the following:

• Respiratory muscles
• Endurance time
• Blood lactate
• Sensation of breathlessness
• Elite vs untrained.

Answer 16

• Increase in endurance time of respiratory muscles
• Increase in endurance time of constant load tests
• Decrease in blood lactate concentrations in post training exercise tests
• Decreased sensation of breathlessness
• Benefits in both trained and untrained individuals

Question 17

What effect on the blood did Harms et al., (1997) find when breathing was made harder ?

Answer 17

Found that blood flow reduces with labored or harder breathing.

Question 18

What did Spengler et al., (1999) find out about respiratory endurance training’s subsequent effects for blood lactate and times to exhaustion.

Answer 18

Found that blood lactate concentration are reduced and time to exhaustion is increased.

Question 19

With raising lactate and subsequent CO2 why does ventilation increase ?

Answer 19

Ventilation increases because chemo-receptors (Carotid bodies) sense excess CO2 and increase ventilation rate to remove this from the body.

Question 20

What were the summary points of respiratory training effects and where changes are seen from illi et al., (2012)

Answer 20

• Greater effect in less fit individuals
• Greater effect in sports of longer duration
• Inspiratory muscle strength or respiratory endurance
  programmes. Both provided a positive effect but not significantly different.
• Changes in performance can be seen in:
  – Constant load tests
  – Time trials
  – NOT incremental tests to exhaustion

Question 21

What is the method to assess the impacts from respiratory training ?

Answer 21

• Constant load tests at 85% max
• Time trials

Do these in the modality that people are used to.

Question 22

After MLSS why does excess CO2 appear?

Answer 22

Lactate accumulates to a higher degree, coinciding with increased H+ production.

This increased CO2 production as Bicarbonate interacts with this to go from (H+ + HCO3 to CO2 + H2O)