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Year 1: 04. MSK Exam 2 > Lecture 6: Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criteria for a muscle to be a “true” hamstring?

A

It must both flex the knee and extend the hip

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2
Q

What two “hamstring” muscles are not true hamstrings?

A

The hamstring portion of the adductor magnus (does not cross the knee)

The short head of the biceps femoris (does not cross the hip)

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3
Q

Where do all of the true hamstring muscles originate?

A

The ischial tuberosity

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4
Q

What is the innervation for the true hamstrings?

A

Tibial Branch of the Sciatic Nerve

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5
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle

What is its attachments?

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Pes Anserinus (anteromedial aspect of superior tibia)

Posteromedial Aspect of thigh

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6
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Extend Thigh
  2. Flex Leg
  3. Medially rotate flexed leg
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7
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Blood Supply: Perforating branches of Deep Femoral Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery

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8
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle

What is its attachments?

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior part of Medial Tibial Condyle

  • Distal tendon divides into two parts
  • Posteromedial Aspect of thigh*
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9
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Extend Thigh
  2. Flex Leg
  3. Medially rotate flexed leg
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10
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Blood Supply: Perforating branches of Deep Femoral Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery

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11
Q

Long Head of Biceps Femoris Muscle

What is its attachments?

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Lateral aspect of Fibular Head

Posterolateral aspect of thigh

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12
Q

Long Head of Biceps Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Extend Thigh
  2. Flex Leg
  3. Laterally rotate flexed leg
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13
Q

Long Head of Biceps​ Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Blood Supply: Perforating branches of Deep Femoral Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery

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14
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris Muscle

What is its attachments?

A

Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line

Insertion: Lateral aspect of Fibular Head

Posterolateral aspect of thigh

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15
Q

Short Head of Biceps Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Flex Leg
  2. Laterally rotate flexed leg
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16
Q

Short Head of Biceps​ Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve

Blood Supply: Perforating branches of Deep Femoral Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery

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17
Q

What three muscles insert to Pes Anserinus and what compartment do they belong to?

A
  1. Sartorius Muscle (Anterior Compartment)
  2. Gracilis Muscle (Medial Compartment)
  3. Semitendinosus Muscle (Posterior Compartment)
18
Q

What ligament is Pes Anserinus superficial to?

A

Medial/tibial Collateral Ligament

19
Q

What is Pes Anserine Bursitis?

A

Inflammation of anserine bursa between Pes Anserinus and MCL (due to overuse or trauma)

-Constant pain aggravated by activity due to flexion and medial rotation of knee

20
Q

What are the differences between the different grades of avulsion fractures?

A

Avulsion Fracture: tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone

  • Grade I: small disruption with minor swelling and pain
    • Minimal loss of strength (if any)
  • Grade II: partial tears with definite pain
    • Definite loss of strenth
  • Grade III: complete tear with severe pain and hematoma
    • Complete loss of motor function
21
Q

What muscles do the perforating arteries supply?

A
  • Posterior Thigh Muscles
    • ​​​​Semitendinosus Muscle
    • Semimembranosus Muscle
    • Biceps Femoris Muscle (both heads)
  • Adductor Magnus Muscle

Peforating arteries pierce through Adductor muscles to go anterior to posterior

22
Q

What does the descending branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery supply?

A

Genicular anastomosis

23
Q

What vessel gives rise to the Fibular Artery?

A

The posterior tibial artery

24
Q

What are the nerve roots of the Tibial Division of the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4-S3

25
Q

What are the nerve roots of the Common Fibular Division of the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4-S2

26
Q

What are the nerve roots of the hamstring muscles?

A

L5-S2

27
Q

What are the four borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superomedially: Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus

Superolaterally: Biceps Femoris

Inferomedially: Medial head of the gastrocnemius

Inferolaterally: Lateral head of the gastrocnemius

28
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superficial to Deep:

  • Nerves
  • Popliteal Vein and Lymph Nodes
  • Popliteal Artery and Branches
29
Q

What are the terminal branches of the Popliteal Artery?

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

Posterior Tibial Artery

30
Q

Where does the Genicular Artery arise from?

What does it supply?

A

From Femoral Artery in adductor canal

Genicular anastomosis

31
Q

What are the two branches of the descending genicular artery?

A

The Articular Branch and The Saphenous Branch

(Both feed into genicular anastomosis at one point or another)

32
Q

Which of the Genicular Arteries does not anastomose?

A

Middle Genicular Artery, which supplies the knee capsule

33
Q

What veins become the Popliteal Vein?

A

Anterior and Posterior Tibial Veins

34
Q

What nerve provides innervation to the entire posterior leg?

A

Tibial Nerve

35
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

36
Q

What does the common fibular nerve split into?

A

Superficial and Deep fibular nerves

37
Q

What nerve does the medial sural cutaneous nerve come off of?

A

Tibial nerve

38
Q

What nerve does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve come off of?

A

The common fibular nerve

39
Q

What nerve does the sural communicating branch come off of?

A

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

40
Q

When does the medial sural cutaneous nerve become the sural nerve?

A

When it is joined by the sural communicating branch from the lateral sural cutaneous nerve.

Year 1: 04. MSK Exam 2 (25 decks)

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