Lecture 13: Foot and Ankle Joints Flashcards
Medial Longitudinal Arch
What bones make up this arch?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- All three cuneiforms
- First three metatarsal bones
- First three proximal, medial, and distal phalanges
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
What bones make up this arch?
- Calcaneus
- Cuboid
- 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
- 4th and 5th proximal, medial, and distal phalanges
Transverse Arch
What bones make up this arch?
- Cuboid
- All 3 cuneiforms
- Metatarsal Bones
- 4th and 5th metatarsal bones
- 4th and 5th proximal, medial, and distal phalanges
- Forefoot has only passive stabilizers*
- Arches of metatarsus and atrsus have dynamic stabilizers*
What contributes to the dynamic support of the longitudinal arches of the foot?
- Tibialis Anterior Muscle
- Tibialis Posterior Muscle
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Fibularis Longus Muscle
- Intrinsic Plantar Muscles
What contributes to the passive support of the longitudinal arches of the foot?
- Plantar Aponeurosis
- Short and Long Plantar Ligaments
- Spring Ligament
What is the primary contributer to passive fallen arch?
Laxity in spring ligament
What does it mean to have pes transversoplanus?
Loss of transverse arch
What does it mean to have Pes planus?
Flat Feet: Loss of longitudinal arch
- Usually medial parts of longitudinal arch
- Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis become abnormally stretched
- Spring ligament can no longer support talus head
What forms the talocrural joint?
- Formed by tibia, fibula, and talus
- Synovial joint: permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.
What make up the deltoid/medial ligament?
- Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament
- Tibionavicular Ligament
- Tibiocalcaneal Ligament
- Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament
What happens with Pott’s Fracture?
- Bimalleolar ankle fractures
- Caused by a combined abduction external rotation from an eversion force
- Fractured fibula
What make up the lateral ligament?
- Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament
- Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament
- most likely to tear
What makes up the transverse tarsal joint?
What does it do?
- Talonavicular Joint
- Calcaneocubuoid Joint
Permit slight rotation and thus add to inversion and eversion
Where do amputations generally happen?
Across transverse tarsal joint
Where is the subtalar joint?
What does it do?
- Where talus rests on calcaneus
- Inversion and eversion
