lecture 6 part 1 Flashcards
DNA replication begins at sites within chromsomes termed
origins
snRNPs are important components of
spliceosomes
T or F the ribosome has three sites - EPA and the P site is where it’s activity is regulated by a phosphatase
F, the E site is regulated by a phosphatase
T or F : Heterochromatic regions of chromosomes tend to be rich in expressed genes
F
Activator or repressor proteins which bind DNA to regulate the transcription of genes do so mainly by
Non-covalent interactions between the protein and specific bases in the major groove of DNA
__________&__________are frequently the home of simple repetitive sequences
Telomeres and centromeres, simple repetitive sequences
____________ resides at replication forks
DNA polymerase
DNA replication occurs __________
bidirectionally
what are 2 examples of protein-DNA interactions
DNA repair and recombination
what joins 2 DNA ends together
DNA ligase
Access to chromosomal DNA of eucaryotes for both replication and gene expression can be controlled by _______________________
nucleosome dynamics
________proteins make up nucleosomes that serve to package DNA into chromatin
Histone
DNA is packaged by
specific proteins into ______ with a Packing factor of _______
chromatin 10,000x
DNA is packaged by _______ which bind DNA to form
histones, nucleosomes
Chromatin Histones are rich in ______ ______ ______
basic amino acids
DNA has an _____ _____________ backbone
acidic phosphodiester
what is part of the histone code
methlyation,acetylation phosphorylation
Recall that ________ of the histones affect ______to the DNA for replication and transcription
modifications, access
Remodeling complexes use the energy of ___ for chromatin switches associated with __________&______________
ATP, replication and transcription
heterochromatin is usually more dense than ______ and contains less ____
euchromatin, genes
Genomes contain chromosomal DNAs composed of different sequences that vary both in ____________&___________
complexity and their copy number
what are 2 exaples of heterochromatin
telomeres and centromeres
The nucleolus is
An area of the nucleus associated with rRNA synthesis
Some genes such as _____ are ______ (multi-copy) and found in ______ blocks
rRNAs, repeated, large
The process of _________ is a protein-DNA interaction coupled to RNA synthesis carried out by RNA _______
transcription, polymerases
Prokaryotes use a single RNA polymerase, whereas eukaryotes have
3
for regulatory proteins that can bind to the promoter can be
repressors or activators
_____ acetylases modify the chromatin to lead to an open state that allows loading of general
transcription _____ & _________
Histone, factors and RNA polymerase
After accessing DNA in chromatin, the next major control level will be ________ of the gene
transcription
transcription is a collaboration of ______ ______proteins and
core RNA
gene regulatory, polymerases
DNA binding domains are a key example of
Protein – DNA
interactions
activator and repressor
gene regulatory proteins interact with general _______ factors & ____________
transcription factors and RNA polymerase
TFIID binds the sequence —– and bends the DNA beginning complex assembly to ultimately recruit and activate ____________
TATA, RNA polymerase
