lecture 3 cell biology

Question 1

In order for cells to function, they must exist in a state of chemical equilibrium T or F

Answer 1

false

Question 2

How are energetically unfavorable reactions able to occur in cells?

Answer 2

Coupling with the dissociation of activated carriers can make them run.

Question 3

Reactions are energetically favorable if the change in free energy, DG, is ?

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

The equilibrium constant for a reaction, as in K = [AB] / [A] [B], is indicative of the strength of binding of the molecular interactions it describes

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Biological reactions that serve to break down foodstuffs and complex biomolecules (as opposed to those that are biosynthetic) are termed

Answer 5

catabolic

Question 6

Organisms and cells generate order through their functions, but how do they increase intropy

Answer 6

by relasesing heat

Question 7

Cells obtain energy from the ________ of organic molecules?

Answer 7

oxidatation

Question 8

Disorder generated –
DG is negative, therefore its
a ______ reaction

Answer 8

favorable

Question 9

Km and Vmax are terms describing

Answer 9

Enzyme properties

Question 10

in coupled enzyme reactions does the delta G change between the individual reactions?

Answer 10

NO, the combination of a favorable and unfavorable reactions can occur because the favorable reaction is really high

Question 11

ATP is a _____ ______ which means

Answer 11

activated carrier.Reactions can be improved if coupled by high energy activated carrier molecules

Question 12

ATP can undergo _____ in _ different ways to provide energy to cells

Answer 12

hydrolysis ,2

Question 13

A common strategy in pathways is to____reaction of the ______ _____ to generate a high _____ intermediate for the reaction that has more favorable reactivity

Answer 13

couple activated carrier energy

Question 14

in anabolic processes NADPH performs _______

Answer 14

reduction reactions

Question 15

in catabolic processes NADH performs _______

Answer 15

oxidation reactions

Question 16

NADPH & NADH are both _____ _____ which use __ & _ as high energy linkages but serve diff. ______

Answer 16

activated carriers, electrons and H+ , roles in the cell

Question 17

in the activted acrrier Acetyl CoA what is its high energy group

Answer 17

the Acetyl group

Question 18

in the activted acrrier UDP glucose what is its high energy group

Answer 18

glucose

Question 19

what is a brief discription of the enzyme cycle

Answer 19

enzyme binds to a substrate, it forms an enzyme substrate complex,catalysis occurs, the enzyme and substrate disassociate

Question 20

Enzymes change the _____ of reactions, but not the _____ ______ between the species involved

Answer 20

rates, equilibrium point

Question 21

Km

Answer 21

The ability of an enzyme to associate with (bind) its substrate molecule is best described by

Question 22

Vmax

Answer 22

is the speed at which and enzyme (bind) with its substrate molecule i

Question 23

Michaelis-Menton Relationship is about Km and Vmax , Km_____
Vmax as sustrate concentration increaes

Answer 23

limits

Question 24

Enzymes lower _____ ______ which ____ the number of molecules capable of participating in a reaction

Answer 24

activation energies

increases

Question 25

what are 3 ways enzymes can alter substrates when binding to them

Answer 25

1 bind 2 substrates and encourage and reacion between them
2. rearrange the e- , giving a partioal charge
3 alter a substrates structure

Question 26

competitive inhibitors do what

Answer 26

can bind into the active site of enzymes and inactivate it b/c a substrate cannot bind there

Question 27

_______ reactions form major polymeric biomolecules such as

Answer 27

condensation
Sugars
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 28

A ______ ____ ______stopped flow apparatus is a key instrument for investigating enzyme reaction mechanisms and kinetic

Answer 28

stopped flow apparatus

Question 29

A large Km indicates ________

Answer 29

The binding between the enzyme and substrate is weak