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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 6: Nervous System & Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Nervous System & Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 subunits of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system
peripheral nervous sys
autonomic nervous sys

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2
Q

the brain and spinal cord make up the ____ .

A

CNS

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3
Q

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves make up the ____ .

A

PNS

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4
Q

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems make up the _____ .

A

ANS

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5
Q

what defines cranial vs. spinal nerves?

A

their root

cranial — medulla

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6
Q

another phrase for the sympathetic system

A

fight or flight

thoracolumbar

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7
Q

another phrase for the parasympathetic system

A

feed and breed

craniosacral

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8
Q

the PNS _____ information between…..?

A

carries info between CNS and internal environment

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9
Q

sensory pathways

A

afferent

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10
Q

motor pathways

A

efferent

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11
Q

afferent pathway direction

A

sensory

environment —-> CNS

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12
Q

efferent pathway direction

A

motor

CNS —–> muscles

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13
Q

how many nerves are included in the ____ system?

A

PNS
12 cranial nerve pairs
31 spinal nerve pairs

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14
Q

T/F: the ANS is entirely sensory pathways.

A

false

entirely motor

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15
Q

the ANS is responsible for innervating _____ .

A

smooth muscle and glands/viscera/guts

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16
Q

stages of neural tube development

A

neural plate
neural folds
neural tube

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17
Q

components of tripartite brain

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

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18
Q

components of Pentapartite brain

A 
prosencephalon
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
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19
Q

describe the cell body of a neuron

A

part that encloses necessary organelles including the nucleus, golgi, RER

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20
Q

what is Nissl substance?

A

garbage accumulation within a neuron

neurons don’t divide

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21
Q

describe the dendrites

A

branches off cell body that bring info to the body

contain receptors for neurotransmitters

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22
Q

describe the axon

A

single tube projecting from body opposite dendrites

conducts action potentials

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23
Q

what is the axolemma?

A

axon cell membrane

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24
Q

define axoplasm

A

cytoplasm of the axon

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25
Q

define telodendria

A

short branched ends of an axon

terminal boutons at end

26
Q

what is contained in terminal boutons?

A

synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters

and mitochondria

27
Q

define neurolemma

A

a lining along the axon made up of schwann cells that may or may not produce myelin

28
Q

junctions between schwann cells

A

nodes of ranvier

29
Q

nucleus of nervous system

A

bundles of dendrites and cell bodies in CNS

30
Q

ganglion of nervous system

A

bundles of dendrites and cell bodies in PNS

31
Q

define nerve

A

bundle of fibers aka axons, in the PNS

32
Q

define ‘tract’

A

bundle fibers/axons in the CNS

33
Q

what is a commissure

A

tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to the other

34
Q

define ‘white matter’

A

areas of myelinated axons

35
Q

define ‘gray matter’

A

areas of unmyelinated axons, bodies, dendrites

36
Q

components of a synapse

A

presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters

37
Q

which membrane contains vesicles vs receptors of neurotransmitters?

A 
pre-synaptic = vesicles
post-synaptic = receptors
38
Q

what do the horns of the spinal cord refer to?

A

areas of gray matter = unmyelinated areas
center of spinal cord

outer = columns = white matter

39
Q

relate # of cranial vertebrae to # of C nerves

A

7 vertebrae
8 C nerves

nerves begin above the vertebrae
resulting in T.1 nerve to be below T1

40
Q

T/F: a nerve consists of one cord branching off the spinal cord.

A

false

begin as bundles exiting the spinal cord and come together to form one cord

41
Q

contents of the axillary sheath?

A

axillary vein and artery

brachial plexus

42
Q

going from the spine to terminal ends, name the 5 sections of the brachial plexus

A
  1. 5 roots
  2. 3 trunks
  3. 6 divisions —- 3 anterior/3 post
  4. 3 cords
  5. 5 terminal branches
43
Q

roots of the brachial plexus

A

5 roots

C5-T1

44
Q

trunks of the brachial plexus

A

superior
middle
inferior

45
Q

divisions of the brachial plexus

A

3 anterior

3 posterior

46
Q

cords of the brachial plexus

A

lateral (from anterior divisions)
posterior (posterior divisions)
medial (from anterior divisions)

47
Q

how many terminal branches extend off the brachial plexus?

A

5

48
Q

superior trunk extends from

A

C5 and 6

49
Q

middle trunk extends from

A

C7

50
Q

inferior trunk extends from

A

C8 and T1

51
Q

3 nerves arising from superior trunk of brachial plexus

A

suprascapular
subclavius

1st intercostal nerve

52
Q

what does the suprascapular nerve, innervate?

A

supraspinatus

infraspinatus muscles

53
Q

anterior divisions of brachial plexus

A

carry fibers to anterior muscles
flexor muscles
form lateral and medial cords

54
Q

posterior divisions of brachial plexus

A

carry fibers to posterior muscles
extensor muscles
form posterior cord

55
Q

cords of the brachial plexus arise from…?

A

the divisions of the plexus (3 anterior/3 posterior)

56
Q

cords of plexus accompany the _____ .

A

axillary artery/ brachial artery

57
Q

lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral nerve
musculotaneous
median nerve: lateral root

all C5-7
**let me lift

58
Q

what roots is the median nerve from?

A

C5-T1
all of the brachial plexus roots
lateral root C5-7
medial root C8-T1

59
Q

medial cord

A 
medial pectoral nerve C8-T1
medial cutaneous to brachium T1
medial cutaneous to antebrachium C8-T1 
median nerve: medial root C8-T1
ulnar nerve C8-T1

**many muscles move my uppercut

60
Q

posterior cord

A 
upper subscapular nerve C5
lower subscapular C5
thoracodorsal nerve C6-7
radial C5-T1
Axillary nerve C5-6
**ultra
61
Q

axillary nerve dermatome

A

skin over deltoid

62
Q

radial nerve dermatome

A

backside of arm, forearm, and hand

Anatomy Exam 1 (10 decks)

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