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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 1: Orientation, Integument, & Epithelium > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Orientation, Integument, & Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

a straight line that divides the body

A

axis

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2
Q

axis of rotation of medial/lateral rotation

A

cranio-caudal axis

or vertical

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3
Q

axis of rotation for add/abduction

A

anterior-posterior
or
dorsal-ventral

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4
Q

axis of rotation for flexion/extension

A

left-right = transverse

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5
Q

axes of the human body

A 
cranio-caudal = vertical
ant/post = dorsal/ventral
transverse = left/right
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6
Q

formed by two intersecting axes

A

plane

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7
Q

planes of the human body

A 
median = median sagittal
frontal = coronal
transverse = cross-section
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8
Q

plane cutting right and left halves

A

median sagittal

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9
Q

cranio-caudal + anterior posterior

A

median sagittal plane

vertical+dorsal/ventral

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10
Q

plane creating front and back halves

A

frontal = coronal plane

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11
Q

cranio-caudal + left-right

A

frontal plane = coronal plane

vertical + transverse

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12
Q

plane creating upper and lower halves

A

transverse or cross-section plane

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13
Q

dorsal-ventral + transverse =

A

transverse plane = cross-section plane

ant/post + left/right

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14
Q

Terminologia anatomica

A

annually updated list of anatomical terms

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15
Q

median sagittal plane mvts

A

flexion-extension

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16
Q

coronal plane mvts

A

= frontal plane

add-abduction

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17
Q

transverse plane mvts

A

=cross-section plane
medial-lateral rotation
pronation-supination

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18
Q

flexion and extension - axis/plane

A

sagittal plane

left-right axis

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19
Q

add/abduction - axis/plane

A

frontal plane

anterior-posterior axis

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20
Q

medial/lateral rotation - axis/plane

A

transverse plane

longitudinal axis

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21
Q

specific area of skin innervated by a specific spinal level

A

dermatome

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22
Q

layers of the epidermis

A

corneum
lucidum
germinativum/basale

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23
Q

relate the epidermis to nerve and blood supply

A

avascular

innervated

24
Q

what divides the epidermis and dermis layers

A

basement membrane

25
Q

BM of integument

A

non-cellular CT network

basement membrane separating epi and dermis

26
Q

dermis

A

dense irregular CT
vascularized
2 layers: 1. papillary layer 2. reticular layer

27
Q

papillary layer of dermis

A

loose elastic CT
connected to basal lamina of epidermis
abundant capillaries

28
Q

reticular layer of dermis

A

dense irregular CT

29
Q

thick vs. thin skin

A

classified based on structure of epidermis not on actual thickness of skin

30
Q

thick skin

A

found only in palms and soles of feet
0.4-0.6 mm thick
no hair follicles

31
Q

thin skin

A

everywhere except palms and soles

0.075-0.150mm thick

32
Q

total skin thickness

A

0.5-3mm thick

33
Q

actual thickest skin on body

A

back

but still thin skin

34
Q

actual thinnest skin on body

A

eyelids

35
Q

superficial fascia location

A

dermis sits on superficial fascia

36
Q

superficial fascia components

A

elastic fibers
loose collagen bundles
supports cutaneous nerves/vessels

37
Q

other names for deep fascia

A

membranous/investing fascia

can also be named by muscle location

38
Q

deep fascia is associated with?

A

tightly bound to muscles/bones/tendons/ligaments

39
Q

exocrine glands

A

have a secretory duct

40
Q

types of exocrine glands

A 
sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands
mammary glands
glands of moll
41
Q

endocrine glands

A

do not possess a secretory duct, release directly to blood stream

42
Q

merocrine

A

thin/watery product

no cell damage

43
Q

apocrine

A

thicker/more viscous product
apical domain breaks off

labia, areola, axilla, anal

44
Q

holocrine

A

thick product
cell destroyed

sebaceous glands of hair follicles

45
Q

lanugo

A

earliest fine embryonic hair

shed before birth

46
Q

vellus

A

new downy coat grown few months after birth

47
Q

ungis

A

nail
avascular/not innervated
growth guided by lateral groove beds

48
Q

matrix of nail

A

stratum basale producing ungis

mitotically active

49
Q

subungis

A

area of skin that attaches to distal end of nail

highly innervated

50
Q

melanocytes

A

special cells that form melanosomes which are phagocytized by keratinocytes
found in deep epidermis

51
Q

Langerhans cells

A

dendritic cells
stratum spinosum
migrate from epidermis to lymph nodes

52
Q

merkel cells

A

mechanoreceptors in germinativum

53
Q

langer’s line

A

tension lines created by orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis
surgeons use as guidelines for cutting parallel to reduce scaring

54
Q

C1-C5 makes up….

A

cervical plexus

55
Q

C5-T1 makes up ……

A

brachial plexus

56
Q

L1-L4 makes up……

A

lumbar plexus

Anatomy Exam 1 (10 decks)

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