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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 3: Bones - Development and Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Bones - Development and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what signifies a long bone?

A

presence of a diaphysis

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2
Q

define diaphysis

A

elongated/shaft, may have medullary cavity

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3
Q

define epiphysis

A

ends of a long bone

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4
Q

what separates the epiphysis and diaphysis?

A

the epiphyseal plate

closed in adults, appears as a line

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5
Q

define periosteum

A

outer fibrous CT covering bone

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6
Q

the periosteum is continuous with?

A

CT coverings of muscles, tendons, ligaments

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7
Q

define endosteum

A

inner lining of medullary cavity

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8
Q

what is the difference between long and short bones?

A

no shaft in short bones

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9
Q

major types of bones

A 
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
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10
Q

what are the types of bone formation?

A

appositional formation

endochondral bone formation

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11
Q

layers of compact bone laid down on top of spongy bone

A

appositional growth

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12
Q

in appositional growth, osteoblasts use collagen fibers as …..?

A

framework to deposit bone matrix

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13
Q

membrane bone formation

A

growth between skull bones/bones that form walls
no attachments
appositional growth in thickness and diameter

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14
Q

bone forming within and replacing hyaline cartilage

A

endochondral growth

replacement bone formation

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15
Q

steps involved in endochondral growth

A

see flow chart…..

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16
Q

blood vessels break through perichondrium and bring……?

A

osteoprogenitor cells—-which become osteoblasts

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17
Q

after chondrocyte apoptosis…..

A

they leave behind thin strands as a calcified matrix which osteoblasts use as a framework for laying down osteoid

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18
Q

T/F: Ca deposition is essentially the same as bone formation.

A

false

bone formation is calcification of osteoid

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19
Q

where are the primary and secondary ossification centers located in endochondral growth?

A 
primary = diaphysis
secondary = epiphysis
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20
Q

in the diaphysis bones grow….

A

in diameter

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21
Q

in the epiphysis bones grow….

A

in length

aka growth plate

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22
Q

in the center of the diaphysis, cells do what?

A

osteoclasts break down bone to create the medullary cavity

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23
Q

describe growth in the epiphyseal plate

A

cartilage is continually added to distal end, as the epiphyseal undergoes endochondral growth
thus bone grows in length

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24
Q

when does growth stop in the epiphyseal plate?

A

when cartilage in the plate is overtaken by bone

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25
Q

what happens when the epiphyseal plate stops growing?

A

epiphysis fuses to diaphysis leaving a line
cartilage on epiphysis remains = articular cartilage
no perichondrium

26
Q

what is the significance of no perichondrium on epiphysis cartilage?

A

no outer CT covering on the cartilage

thus cartilage deteriorates with age

27
Q

what are the classes of joints?

A

amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
synarthrosis

28
Q

amphiarthrosis joints

A

hyaline or fibrocartilage joins the bones

29
Q

type of amphiarthrosis joint with hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondrosis - hyaline cartilage

epiphyseal plate, 1st sternocostal joint

30
Q

type of amphiarthrosis joint with fibrocartilage

A

symphysis

pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

31
Q

synarthrosis joints

A

collagen or elastic fibers make up joint

32
Q

examples of synarthrosis joints

A

sutures
Gomphosis
syndesmosis

33
Q

sutures

A

joints between calvaria

34
Q

Gomphosis

A

peg in socket = teeth in alveoli

35
Q

syndesmosis

A

interosseous membrane between bones

36
Q

diarthrosis joints

A

based upon mvt/degrees of freedom about an axis

has 4 main types

37
Q

types of diarthrosis joints

A

monoaxial = 1 plane
biaxial = 2 planes
triaxial = 3 planes
nonaxial or plane joint = no real mvt = 3 planes

38
Q

monoaxial joints

A

type of Diarthrotic joint
hinge
pivot

39
Q

biaxial joints

A

type of diarthrosis
condyloid
saddle

40
Q

condyloid joint

A

type of biaxial Diarthrotic joint
oval shaped
MCP joints

41
Q

saddle joint

A

biaxial Diarthrotic joint
also called sellaris
both sides of joint look like a saddle
thumb

42
Q

triaxial joints

A

type of diarthrosis

ball and socket

43
Q

nonaxial joints

A

type of diarthrosis
also called plane joints
no real mvt — friction resistance
sternoclavicular, scapuloclavicular

44
Q

connect muscle to bone

A

tendons

45
Q

connect bone to cone

A

ligaments

46
Q

characteristics of tendons and ligaments

A

dense bundles of collagen fibers

contain fibroblasts and fibrocytes

47
Q

hierarchical structure of tendon/ligaments

A 
Endotendineum
fascicle
Peritendineum
tendon/ligament
Epitendineum
48
Q

Endotendineum

A

surrounding of each collagen fiber

49
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of collagen fibers

50
Q

Peritendineum

A

surrounding each fascicle

51
Q

tendon or ligament make up

A

several bundles of fascicles

52
Q

Epitendineum

A

surrounding a tendon/ligament

53
Q

the fusion of two bones creates a ____ joint.

A

synostosis joint

immovable, two bones have become one

54
Q

list the components of synovial joints

A

synovial cavity
synovial capsule
blood supply and innervation

55
Q

describe a synovial capsule

A

surrounds the joint like a membrane
outer fibrous memb. = innervated
inner synovial memb. = vascularized

56
Q

where is synovial fluid produced?

A

the inner synovial membrane of the synovial capsule

57
Q

movements of biaxial joints

A

flexion extension or add/abduction

58
Q

another term for condyloid joint

A

ellipsoid joint

59
Q

differentiate the two surfaces of a ellipsoid joint

A 
concave = female
convex = male
60
Q

what type of joints are associated with collateral ligaments?

A

uniaxial Diarthrotic joints

61
Q

what is another name for diarthrosis?

A

synovial

Anatomy Exam 1 (10 decks)

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