Lecture 6 - Myeloid probs Flashcards
acute vs chronic leukemias:
acute leukemias are made of mostly _____.
chronic leukemias contain both ____ and ____ cells.
most common condition in children?
most common condition in adults?
immature blasts;
immature, mature;
ALL;
AML
symptoms of erythromelalagia: burning sensation and redness of ____ and ____. seen in what disorder?
hands, feet;
essential thrombocytosis
essential thrombocytosis is characterized by increased _____. symptoms include ____ or _____
platelets;
thrombosis, bleeding
essential thrombocytosis:
mutations in ____, ___, or ______ are characteristic
JAK, c-MPL, Cal-R
myeloproliferative disorders are characterized by increased numbers of ____ blood cells
mature
CML is characterized by the _____ chromosome, a _____ translocation that causes a constitutively active ___ ____
philadelphia;
9, 22;
tyrosine kinase
CML:
characterized by massive ____ and _____ stem cell proliferation, leading to elevated WBC with all _____ precursors in the peripheral blood.
splenomegaly, myeloid;
granulocyte
CML:
notably, what granulocyte shows increased numbers (rarely seen in other disorders)?
does CML cause leukostasis?
basophils;
no
CML:
stages include a _____ phase, a ____ phase, a “____ ____”, and eventual progression to _____
chronic, acceleration, blast crisis;
AML OR ALL
treatment of CML?
what does it do?
imatinib;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
polycythemia vera almost always is characterized by a V617F ____ mutation. RBC levels are ____. EPO levels are _____
JAK2 (causes increased sensitivity to cytokines); elevated, decreased
polycythemia vera:
classic symptom (although rarely seen):
usual death from _____
pruritis after bathing;
thrombosis
also DVT, ruddy complexion
_____ is characterized by bone marrow obliteration with fibrosis. symptoms include massive _____ and extreme _____
myelofibrosis;
splenomegaly, fatigue
teardrop cells
the pseudo-pelger-huet anomaly is seen in what condition? what is it?
myelodysplastic syndromes;
bilobed nuclei
myelodysplastic syndromes:
bone marrow is characterized as _____.
____penia is common
HYPERcellcular (with dysplastic cells);
pancyto
myelodysplastic syndromes:
clonal disorder where abnormal clone has ____ maturation. this ______ normal hematopoeisis. may progress to ____
ineffective;
suppresses;
AML
myelodysplastic syndrome:
what chemical exposure can cause it?
cytogenetics: _____ has a good prognosis. ____ has a poor prognosis
benzene;
5q abnormality;
monosomy 7.
Auer rods are characteristic of what disease? ____ positive inclusions are also seen
AML;
MPO
gingival hyperplasia is characteristic of what kind of AML?
what about DIC?
monocytic form;
APL
APL:
characterized by involvement the ______ receptor alpha. this stops maturation of the cell at the ____ stage. what is the treatment? in relapsed patients, use _____
retinioic acid;
promyelocyte;
all-trans retinoic acid;
arsenic trioxide
aplastic anemia:
what antibiotic is classically associated with it?
what 3 viruses are?
chloramphenicol;
HIV, hepatitis, parvovirus B19
aplastic anemia:
____openia. bone marrow is ____. caused by ___ cell injury
pancyto; HYPOcellular; stem
aplastic anemia is classically associated with what other type of anemia?
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
what genetic disorder can cause aplastic anemia?
due to a ____ ____ defect causing bm failure
fanconi anemia;
DNA repair
aplastic anemia:
______ and ______ are typically not seen!
lymphadenopathy, organomegaly
