Lecture 5 - Lymphoid Probs Flashcards
what is the CD marker for a hematopoetic stem cell?
CD34
Acute vs Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia: which is made of immature cells? which is made of mature cells? Which is seen in kids usually? which is seen in adults?
acute, chronic;
acute, chronic;
lymphoblasts:
smaller or larger than normal cells?
more or less cytoplasm?
presence of _______ on blood smear
larger;
less;
punched out nucleoli
3 “acute symptoms” seen with ALL. Why do these occur?
anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia;
due to supressed bm function from infiltration
why do some leukemias present with gout?
what about CNS issues?
increased cell turnover–>hyper-uricemia–>gout;
increased WBC = leukostasis = brain probs
ALL in kids is associated with what genetic problem?
down syndrome
ALL:
____ transolocation is seen in adults and has a very bad prognosis.
____ translocation is MCC in kids, good prognosis.
what does a 8,14 translocation cause?
9, 22 (philadelphia);
12, 21;
burkitt’s
CLL:
usually a ___ cell neoplasm;
3 positive CD markers?
B;
CD5, 20, 23
CLL:
classic finding on blood smear?
what is it called if there is lymphadenopathy?
smudge cells;
small lymphocytic leukemia
____ and auto-immune diseases are associated with NH lymphoma
HIV
NH lymphoma:
spreads via what?
continuous or discontinuous spread?
indolent forms are (curable or incurable)
aggressive forms are (curable or incurable)
lymph AND blood;
discontinuous;
incurable;
curable
3 things classified as B-symptoms?
what is thought to cause these
fever, night-sweats, weight loss;
cytokines
EBV is associated with _____ lymphoma;
H-pylori causes _____ or _____ lymphoma
burkitt’s;
MALToma; marginal zone
follicular lymphoma:
associated with a _____ translocation.
what does this do?
aggressive or indolent?
14,18;
increases BCL2 production = decreased apoptosis
indolent
_____ is the most common NH lymphoma. is this aggressive or indolent?
diffuse large b cell;
aggressive (treatable)
mantle cell lymphoma:
associated with a _____ translocation.
what does this do?
prognosis?
11, 14;
increased cyclin D1 (promotes G1 to S);
v bad (worst of all NH lymphomas)
what is on chromosome 14 that is so special?
Ig heavy chain = normally constitutively active
hodgkin’s lymphoma:
contiguous or discontiguous spread?
spread via ?
characterized by ____ cells
contiguous;
lymphatics;
Reed sternberg
RS cells are CD __ and CD ___ positive.
15, 30
what is the spike on a spep in multiple myeloma called?
what usually causes this spike?
M-spike; increased IgG (normally), sometimes increased IgA
CRAB findings of multiple myeloma: C = \_\_\_\_\_\_ R = \_\_\_\_\_ A = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ B = \_\_\_\_\_
hyperCalcemia;
Renal involvement;
Anemia;
Bone lytic lesions
plasma cells cause an increase in IL ___. this increases ______ activity, causing lytic lesions
6, osteoclast
What differentates a MGUS from multiple myeloma?
no CRAB findings.
risk of developing MM
what is elevated in waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia?
this disease is actually a ____ ____
IgM;
b-cell lymphoma
IgM forms _____. this can cause ____ syndrome.
pentamers; hyperviscosity
