Lecture 5 - Lymphoid Probs

Question 1

what is the CD marker for a hematopoetic stem cell?

Answer 1

CD34

Question 2

Acute vs Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia:
which is made of immature cells?
which is made of mature cells?
Which is seen in kids usually?
which is seen in adults?

Answer 2

acute, chronic;

acute, chronic;

Question 3

lymphoblasts:
smaller or larger than normal cells?
more or less cytoplasm?
presence of _______ on blood smear

Answer 3

larger;
less;
punched out nucleoli

Question 4

3 “acute symptoms” seen with ALL. Why do these occur?

Answer 4

anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia;

due to supressed bm function from infiltration

Question 5

why do some leukemias present with gout?

what about CNS issues?

Answer 5

increased cell turnover–>hyper-uricemia–>gout;

increased WBC = leukostasis = brain probs

Question 6

ALL in kids is associated with what genetic problem?

Answer 6

down syndrome

Question 7

ALL:
____ transolocation is seen in adults and has a very bad prognosis.
____ translocation is MCC in kids, good prognosis.

what does a 8,14 translocation cause?

Answer 7

9, 22 (philadelphia);
12, 21;

burkitt’s

Question 8

CLL:
usually a ___ cell neoplasm;
3 positive CD markers?

Answer 8

B;

CD5, 20, 23

Question 9

CLL:
classic finding on blood smear?
what is it called if there is lymphadenopathy?

Answer 9

smudge cells;

small lymphocytic leukemia

Question 10

____ and auto-immune diseases are associated with NH lymphoma

Answer 10

HIV

Question 11

NH lymphoma:
spreads via what?
continuous or discontinuous spread?
indolent forms are (curable or incurable)
aggressive forms are (curable or incurable)

Answer 11

lymph AND blood;
discontinuous;
incurable;
curable

Question 12

3 things classified as B-symptoms?

what is thought to cause these

Answer 12

fever, night-sweats, weight loss;

cytokines

Question 13

EBV is associated with _____ lymphoma;

H-pylori causes _____ or _____ lymphoma

Answer 13

burkitt’s;

MALToma; marginal zone

Question 14

follicular lymphoma:
associated with a _____ translocation.
what does this do?

aggressive or indolent?

Answer 14

14,18;
increases BCL2 production = decreased apoptosis

indolent

Question 15

_____ is the most common NH lymphoma. is this aggressive or indolent?

Answer 15

diffuse large b cell;

aggressive (treatable)

Question 16

mantle cell lymphoma:
associated with a _____ translocation.
what does this do?

prognosis?

Answer 16

11, 14;
increased cyclin D1 (promotes G1 to S);

v bad (worst of all NH lymphomas)

Question 17

what is on chromosome 14 that is so special?

Answer 17

Ig heavy chain = normally constitutively active

Question 18

hodgkin’s lymphoma:
contiguous or discontiguous spread?
spread via ?
characterized by ____ cells

Answer 18

contiguous;
lymphatics;
Reed sternberg

Question 19

RS cells are CD __ and CD ___ positive.

Answer 19

15, 30

Question 20

what is the spike on a spep in multiple myeloma called?

what usually causes this spike?

Answer 20

M-spike;
increased IgG (normally), sometimes increased IgA

Question 21

CRAB findings of multiple myeloma:
C = \_\_\_\_\_\_
R = \_\_\_\_\_
A = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
B = \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 21

hyperCalcemia;
Renal involvement;
Anemia;
Bone lytic lesions

Question 22

plasma cells cause an increase in IL ___. this increases ______ activity, causing lytic lesions

Answer 22

6, osteoclast

Question 23

What differentates a MGUS from multiple myeloma?

Answer 23

no CRAB findings.

risk of developing MM

Question 24

what is elevated in waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia?

this disease is actually a ____ ____

Answer 24

IgM;

b-cell lymphoma

Question 25

IgM forms _____. this can cause ____ syndrome.

Answer 25

pentamers; hyperviscosity