Lecture 6: MPAs and Governance Feb 09

Question 1

What is governance?

• what does it determine?

Answer 1

• processes and decisions that seek to define actions, grant power and verify performance
• determines who has the power, who makes the decisions, how other players make their voice heard and how account is rendered.

Question 2

Models of governance?

Answer 2

• topdown
• bottom up
• co - management
• traditional management regimes.

Question 3

What is good governance?

Answer 3

• is participatory, transparent, accountable, inclusive, effective, effiecient, responsive, and sustainable
• promotes fairness
• provides a long-term perspective grounded i n historical, cultural and social complexities.

Question 4

Forms of governance for MPAs (4)

- explain each

Answer 4

1) Top Down - state control through law/regulations
2) Bottom Up - Community based approaches, empowerment of local
3) Collaborative/Partnerships/co-management - State and community based in some cases, multi-government in other cases
4) Market incentives - the need to establish economic incentives to catalyze change - natural capita, ecosystem services, property rights, etc.

Question 5

European Directive - What is the Marine strategy framework?
- goal?
-

Answer 5

• Legislation framework for EBM
• Goal: To acheive Good Environmental Standing by 2020
• One of the many ways of getting GES is to establish MPA networks

Question 6

Jurisdiction of the marine environment in BC

• who has jurisdiction over what?
• Federal, First nation, Provincial..

Answer 6

Federal Juristdiction - has jurisdiction on resources and activities (ie. fisheries management, marine & safety, marine mammal management, marine birds)

First Nation - has jurisdiction on rights and title, local use for food, social and ceremonial purposes, conservation, general marine use planning

Provincial - has jurisdiction on inland waters and seabed lying between jaws of the land (i.e., bays, estuaries, inlets, fjords, channels, sounds)

Question 7

What is the provinces jurisdiction in the marine environment in BC?

• where does it have jurisdiction
• what does it have authority over?

Answer 7

• province has legislative jurisdiction over public crown coastal lands and the seabed, and has management & liscensing authority over matters such as: fish processing, tenuring and protected area designation.

Question 8

How do local governments influence management in coastal zones?

Answer 8

• through by-laws & local governmental plans

Question 9

What type of MPA/s does Fisheries and Oceans Canada focus on?

• what act? 1

Answer 9

marine protected areas

Oceans Act S.C 1996

Question 10

What type of MPA/s does Parks Canada focus on?

• what act/s? 2

Answer 10

National Marine conservation area
- Conservation Areas Act S.C 2002

National Park
- Canada national Parks Act S.C 2000

Question 11

What type of MPA/s does Environment Canada focus on?

• what act/s? 2

Answer 11

A protected marine area or “wildlife area”
- Canada wildlife act 1985

A migratory bird sanctuary
- Migratory Birds Convention Act 1994

Question 12

What type of MPA/s does Ministry of Environment focus on?

• what act/s? 3

Answer 12

A park, recreation area or conservancy
- Park Act 1996 or Protected Areas of British Columbia Act

An ecological reserve
- Ecological reserve act 1996

A protected area
- Environment and Land Use Act 1996

Question 13

What type of MPA/s does Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations focus on?

• what act/s? 2

Answer 13

A land reserve or “notation of interest”
- Lands Act 1996

A Wildlife management area
- Wildlife Act - 1996

Question 14

What are the 3 NRS boundaries?

- What is NRS

Answer 14

NRS = Natural Resource Sectors

1: Skeena region
2: West Coast Region
3: South Coast Region