Lecture 6 - Midway recap Flashcards
What is a narcotic?
Relieve pain and promote sleep.
What is a drug?
A single substance that, when ingested, produces a physiological effect, pharmacological effect, or change
What is a depressant?
Depresses the CNS - can induce sleep. lack of judgement and loss of coordination.
Examples are barbiturates and opioids.
What is a stimulant?
Stimulates the CNS - produces feeling of wakefulness, decreased fatigue, decreased appetite, and well being. High doses can lead to hallucinations.
Examples are amphetamines and cocaine.
What is a hallucinogen?
Alter visual and hearing and produce hallucinations
Examples are LSD and PC.
What does ADME stand for?
Absorption - how the drug enters the body. Main are oral, intravenous and smoking. Distribution - depends on drug property (lipophilic or hydrophilic).
Metabolism - majority in liver and involves cytochrome P450 enzyme. First pass metabolism happens before drug has effect (if taken orally)
Elimination - Drug and/or metabolites found in urine. Some drugs eliminated fast compared to others.
What is MOA?
Mechanism of action, dependant on the drug.
Ones which effect CNS will have an action that disrupts normal neurotransmitter functions.
What is the MOA for barbiturates and benzodiazepines?
React with GABA receptor.
Binds to this receptor which opens up a chloride ion channel.
This causes chloride ions crossing the membranes, which create a negative charge and block the sending if an action potential - stops message passing through CNS.
Benzo and Diaz don’t directly bind to receptor but bind to things which effect the receptor. Keeps channel open longer and makes GABA binding easier. Changes to one part of the structure effect other parts.
What is bioavailability? and what effects it?
Measure of how much of a drug passes first pass metabolism and distributes into the body.
Effected by solubility of drug, pH of drug, blood flow, surface area for abs and conc of drug.
What is the bioavailability formula?
delivered dose = dose given x BA
