lecture 6- memory part 2 Flashcards
what is source memory?
the context within which the words appeared
what is the role of the medial temporal lobe
more familiarity the more activation of the brain areas
strong activity for recollection in what brain area
hippocampus
what is connected to the hippocampus
mamillary bodies
what types of memory are spared from hippocampal damage?
procedural, semantic and familiarity
what is the experiment into episodic versus familaitiy
half of words paried with an image whislt the others with a sound. fmri scan during encoding and retrieval.
what is source memory?
the context within which the words appeared.
the MTL is more active when…
more familiar
what has strong activity during recollection?
hippocampus, the mamillary bodies are connected to the hippocampus.
what memories are spared from hippocampal damage?
procedural, semantic and familiarity.
what is the study into episodic versus familiarity memory
pair half of words with image and other half with sounds and teh fMRI scan during encoding and retreival.
what did the fMRI scan find in the brain?
with the images activation in primary visual areas and with sound primary auditory areas.
memories are stored where…
in the higher order sensory areas.
left prefrontal cortex is active… and right prefrontal cortex is active…
during episodic encoding… episodic retrieval
what are two types of effects that can happen if there is a lesion in the semantic memory
apperceptive agnosia and associative agnosia
what is apperceptive agnosia?
not able to draw an object they are asked to
associative agnosia
they can’t see objects parts as a whole object
legions to semantic memory are found in…
the medial temporal lobe.
where is familiarity memory stored?
in and around the entorhinal/perirhinal cortex.
where are episodic memories stored?
in higher order sensory areas.
what two receptors are activated y glutamate?
AMPA and NDMA
what is an NDMA receptor?
naturally blocked by the magnesium molecule, unbloking occurs when the proteins form the channel shift following the bindinng of glutamtate to the binding site.
what are the two reasons for changes in connectivity strength?
long term potentiation or long term depression
what is early LTP
occurs after high-frequency stimulation, activates NDMA receptors which influxes calcium ions. it intially strengthens synaptic connections.
what is meant by a calcium influx
calcium ions neter neuron they signal protein making which is essential of cellular function, creates more synapses.
late LTP
stronger prolong signal event- additional cellular processes that changes structure e.g. new synapses or dendrite growth.
morris water maze
train animal to find hidden platform using spatial cues in surrouding environment- studie hippocampal function- disruption of hippocampus means poor performance on tasks.
what does an increase of calcium trigger
the release of a neurotransmitter
how does long term potentiation affect neural connections
it strengthens them by increasing the efficacy of synaptic transmission.
what neurotransmitters are at the post synapse
sodium and potassium.
who is R.B.
heart bypass surgery- suffered similar issues to HM due to a subsection of his hippocampus.
what is the mismatch field and what did it suggest about echoic memory?
for undetected sounds- sugggested it lasts 10s becuase as shown by the decrease in area between standard and deviant sounds with time.
how did they study the left and right frontal cortex.
participants silently named either tools or animals, found that after isolating them tools activated the LH more with motor function and language whereas animals used visual processing, object recognition and language.
what areas specifically were active in the frontal cortexs
calcarine sulcus and fusiform gyrus.
