lecture 6 - mechanics of respiration, diaphragm & pleura Flashcards
What are the 2 layers of the pleura?
Visceral (inner) and parietal (outer)
What is the pleural cavity?
The potential space in between the visceral and parietal pleura
What sits within the pleural cavity to lubricate it?
Serous fluid
What are the 4 key divisions of the parietal pleura?
Costal pleura, mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, cervical pleura
What are the 2 recesses of the pleura?
Costomediastinal recess, Costodiaphragmatic recess
What is the function of the pleural recesses?
Provides space where the lungs can expand into during forced inspiration
Which layer of the pleura is sensitive to pain?
The parietal pleura - visceral pleura is insensitive to pain
What 2 nerves innervate the parietal pleura?
Intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
Manubrium (superior), body (middle), xiphoid process (inferior)
Which ribs articulate with the sternum?
1-7
Which ribs articulate with costal cartilage?
8-10
What are the 3 diameters of the thoracic cavity?
Anteroposterior, transverse, vertical
How do the diameters of the thoracic cavity change in response to inspiration?
Elevation of ribs increases anteroposterior and transverse diameters, while contraction of the diaphragm causes an increase in vertical diameter
What does the pump-handle movement of the thoracic bones mean?
The sternum and upper ribs move up and down as a single structure during inspiration and expiration
Which thoracic bones display pump-handle movement?
Upper ribs and sternum
Which thoracic bones display bucket-handle movement?
The lower ribs
What are the 2 thoracic apertures?
The superior and inferior thoracic apertures - which are the upper and lower openings of the rib cage that provide the thoracic inlet/outlet
What structure covers the inferior thoracic aperture?
The diaphragm
What structure sits in the middle of the diaphragm and is where the muscle fibres attach to?
The central tendon
What is the arrangement of muscle fibres in the diaphragm?
Circumferential
What are the 3 parts of the diaphragm muscle?
Sternal part, costal part, lumbar part
What are the primary muscles of respiration?
Diaphragm, intercostal muscles
What are the 2 main types of intercostal muscles?
External, internal
What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?
Elevate the ribs for inspiration
