lecture 5 - upper airways

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the air conduction zone in the lower airways?

Answer 1

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles (excluding respiratory bronchioles)

Question 2

What are the 2 components of the respiratory zone?

Answer 2

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar units

Question 3

What is the shape of the trachea in a transverse section?

Answer 3

D-shaped

Question 4

How many C-shaped tracheal cartilages are there?

Answer 4

15-20

Question 5

What fills the gap between adjacent tracheal cartilages?

Answer 5

Fibrous CT - annular ligaments

Question 6

What is the key feature of the annular ligaments of the trachea that reflect their function?

Answer 6

Elastic fibres - give elasticity to the wall of the trachea

Question 7

What is the name for the division of the trachea?

Answer 7

Tracheal bifurcation

Question 8

What does the trachea divide into at the tracheal bifurcation?

Answer 8

Right and Left primary bronchus

Question 9

What is the name for the cartilage ridge found at the tracheal bifurcation?

Answer 9

Carina

Question 10

Does the trachea lengthen or shorten during inspiration?

Answer 10

Lengthen (10cm -> 15cm)

Question 11

How many secondary bronchi are there in the right lung?

Answer 11

3 - 1 per lobe

Question 12

How many secondary bronchi are there in the left lung?

Answer 12

2 - one per lobe

Question 13

How many tertiary bronchi are there in the right lung?

Answer 13

10

Question 14

How many tertiary bronchi are there in the left lung?

Answer 14

8-9

Question 15

Is the left or right main bronchus slightly longer?

Answer 15

Left

Question 16

What are the names of the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 16

Superior, middle, inferior

Question 17

What are the names of the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 17

Superior lobe, inferior lobe

Question 18

What is a pulmonary acinus?

Answer 18

A distal unit in the lung that contains structures where gas exchange occurs, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 19

What is the apex of the lung?

Answer 19

The upper tapered/pointed part

Question 20

What is the base of the lung?

Answer 20

The concave, inferior part that overlies the dome of the diaphragm

Question 21

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 21

Costal surface, diaphragmatic surface, medial surface

Question 22

Where is the costal surface of the lung?

Answer 22

Sits on the lateral part and fits the thoracic wall formed by the sternum, ribs and costal cartilages

Question 23

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the lung?

Answer 23

The part on the inferior surface/base that fits the dome of the diaphragm

Question 24

What are the 2 parts of the medial surface of the lungs?

Answer 24

Mediastinal, vertebral

Question 25

What are the 2 fissures of the right lung?

Answer 25

Horizontal fissure, oblique fissure

Question 26

What is the fissure of the left lung?

Answer 26

Oblique fissure

Question 27

What does the hilum of the lung contain?

Answer 27

The lung root - which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and bronchi

Question 28

What structures are found in the lung root?

Answer 28

Blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, bronchi

Question 29

What are the 2 specific features of the left lung?

Answer 29

Cardiac notch, lingula

Question 30

What are the subdivisions of the lobes of the lungs?

Answer 30

Pulmonary Segments

Question 31

What supplies each lung segment?

Answer 31

A segmental bronchus, branch of pulmonary artery, branch of a bronchial nerve

Question 32

What drains each lung segment?

Answer 32

Tributary of a pulmonary vein, tributary of a bronchial nerve, lympthatics

Question 33

What is the smallest functionally independent unit of the lung?

Answer 33

Pulmonary segment

Question 34

What arteries supply the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 34

Bronchial arteries

Question 35

What veins mostly drain the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 35

Pulmonary veins (some drainage via bronchial veins)

Question 36

Where inside the lung is lymph drained to?

Answer 36

Pulmonary lymphnodes

Question 37

Where does lymph drain to at the hila of the lungs?

Answer 37

Bronchopulmonary nodes

Question 38

What is main nerve supply to the lungs?

Answer 38

The pulmonary plexuses

Question 39

What is the function of sympathetic efferent nerve fibres in the lung?

Answer 39

Bronchodilation, vasocontriction

Question 40

What is the function of parasympathetic efferent nerve fibres in the lung?

Answer 40

bronchoconstriction, vasodilation