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BIOMECH SPRING - EXAM 2 > lecture 6 hip musculature > Flashcards

lecture 6 hip musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lumbar plexus innervate

A

anterior/med thigh

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2
Q

What does the sacral plexus innervate?

A

post/lat hip and post thigh
entire lower leg

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3
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A
  • most hip flx
  • all knee ext
  • sensory to ant-med thigh
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4
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A
  • hip abd
  • obturator externus
  • sensory med thigh
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5
Q

What makes up the sacral plexus?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • nerve to piriformis
  • sciatic nerve
  • nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior
  • nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior
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6
Q

What muscles do hip flx?

A
  • iliopsoas
  • sartorious
  • TFL
  • rectus femoris
  • adductor longus
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7
Q

Where does the iliopsoas run? What does it do?

A
  • iliacus: iliacus fossa to over SIJ
  • psoas major: TP T12/discs
    blend anterior to femoral head before attaching to lesser trochanter
  • internal snapping hip - distal abrasion at iiopubic eminance
  • femoral on hip flx and flx of trunk/pelvis over fixed thighs
  • swing phase of walk/run
  • frontal plane stability of lumbar spine bilat contraction
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8
Q

What innervated ilipsoas?

A

anterior ramus of the spinal nerve L1

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9
Q

What does the psoas minor do?

A
  • directly anterior to major
  • present in 60-65%
  • T12/L1 bodies to medial to acetabulum and iliac fascia
  • stabilize the position of the psoas major
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10
Q

Where does the sartorious do? Where does it run?

A

runs asis to medial prox tibia at pes anserine
- hip flx, er, abd
- longest muscle in the body

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11
Q

What does the TFL of the thigh attach to? What does it do?

A
  • glut max and TFL attachments
  • forms fascial sheets of intermusular septa
  • ITB forms as thickened deeper portion
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12
Q

Where does the rectus femoris run? Where does it attach? What does it do?

A
  • between sartorius and TFL
  • aiis and superior rim of acetabulum/capsule to tibia
  • primary knee ext
  • femoral nerve
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13
Q

What does the adductor longus do?

A

contributes to the flexion of the extended thigh as well as the extension of the flexed thigh

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14
Q

What does the pectineus do?

A

Assists in hip add and flx

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15
Q

What is anterior tilt during pelvis-on-femoral hip flx?

A
  • force couple with femurs fixed, hip flx and trunk ext
  • lordosis, loads increases on facets, increase anterior shear force L5/Sq
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16
Q

What is femoral-on-pelvis hip flexion?

A
  • simultaneous with knee flx to shorten limnb
  • mod to high power coactivation of hip flx and abdominals
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17
Q

What happens with normal activation of the abdominal muscles?

A

pelvis is stabilized and prevented from anterior tilting by the strong inferior pull of the hip flexor muscles

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18
Q

What happens with reduced activation of the rectus abdominus?

A

contraction of the hip flexor muscles causes an anterior tilt in the pelvis

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19
Q

What muscles do adduction of the hip?

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor longus
  • gracilis
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
20
Q

What are the three layers of the hip adductors?

A
  • superficial: pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis
  • middle layer: adductor brevis
  • deep layer: adductor magnus, horizontal and oblique
21
Q

What do the muscular forces of the hip do during adduction?

A
  • produces forces in all 3 planes
  • primary sagittal and frontal
22
Q

Weakness of which muscle may place valgus stress on the lE and risk on the ACL?

A

glute med

23
Q

What motions are the adductors important in ?

A

high power cyclical motions (sprinting, cycling, deep. squat, running up a hill)
- susceptible to injury/soreness/ with running/jumping/changing directions

24
Q

What are the IR of the hip during anatomical position?

A

NONE

25
Q

What are the secondary IR of the hip?

A
  • ant fibers glut min/med
  • TFL
  • adductor longus/brevis
  • pectineus
26
Q

When do the IR increase in torque?

A

during 60-90 degrees of hip flx due to angle change, piriformis even becomes IR past 60 deg

27
Q

What is the function of the IR of the hip during gait?

A

during stance they rotate the pelvis on the femur

28
Q

What can happen in those with CP with IR of the hip?

A
  • Excessive IR and flexion
29
Q

What are the primary ext of the hip?

A
  • glut max
  • hamstrings
  • posterior head of add magnus
30
Q

What are the secondary ext of the hip?

A
  • mid and post fibers of glut med and anterior fibers of add magnus
31
Q

When can most adductors assist with flx?

A
  • > 70 degrees flexion
32
Q

Where does the glut max run?

A
  • ilium/sacrum/coccyx/ST and posterior SIJ ligs/TL fascia TO IT band/TFL and glut tuberosity on femur
33
Q

What does the glut max do?

A
  • extensor and ER
  • stabilized SIJ, lumbar region secondary to legs/fascial attachments
34
Q

Where do the hamstrings run? What do they do?

A
  • IT to tibia and fibula
  • extend hip and flx knee
35
Q

What force couple happen during pelvis-on-femoral hip ext?

A
  • hip ext and abdominals
  • lordosis reduced
36
Q

What are the two phases of the forward lean of the body?

A
  1. slight - COG still in pelvic girdle, min activation from glut max and HS
  2. significant lean: COG out from hips; increase HS but not glut max
37
Q

What are the primary abductors?

A
  • glut med
  • glut min
  • TFL
38
Q

Where does glut med run?

A
  • ilium to gtr trochanter, largest @ 60-65% of abductors, excellent leverage, ant/middle/post portions
39
Q

Where does glut min run?

A
  • deep and anterior to med, ilium to gtr trochanter, blends with capsule hip joint
40
Q

What do all muscles that do abduction also do?

A

IR or ER and need neutralization to get pure abd

41
Q

What is the hip abductor mechanism providing?

A
  • frontal plane stability with walking
  • production of compression force at the hip
42
Q

When does the max capacity of hip abductors occur?

A

when abducted just beyond neutral (unilat stance)

43
Q

When are hip abd weakest?

A

40˚

44
Q

What muscles do ER of the hip?

A
  • glut max
  • 5 of the 6 short er
45
Q

What are the six short external rotator?

A
  • piriformis
  • Obturator internus
  • gemellus superior
  • gemellus inferior
  • quadratus femoris
  • obturator externus
46
Q

What is important about ER during pelvic-on-femoral rotation?

A
  • ER muscles rotate the pelvis over the femurs
  • rotate the anterior side of the pelvis and trunk to the contralateral side of the rotators

BIOMECH SPRING - EXAM 2 (5 decks)

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