Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LSS Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum > lecture 6 female pelvis > Flashcards

lecture 6 female pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

female pelvic organs

A

ovary, Fallopian (uterine) tubes; uterus and cervix; vagina, ureter, bladder, urethra; rectum; caecum, appendix, parts of sigmoid colon and ileum (all false pelvis); vessels, nerves, lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

difference between male and female reproductive and urinary passages

A

female reproductive and urinary passages are not shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do vagina and urethra both meet

A

vesibule of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does the parietal peritoneum descend into

A

pelvic cavity but doesn’t touch the pelvic floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what envelopes the uterine tubes completely

A

broad ligament (part of peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what suspends ovaries and relation to broad ligament

A

suspended by mesovarium (part of peritoneum) from posterior of broad ligament (not fully enveloped to allow egg release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do pelvic fascial condensations form and what is their function

A

ligaments which support viscera e.g. cervix, vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the broad ligaments and what do they join

A

transverse mesenteries which join uterus to pelvic walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

important contents in broad ligaments

A

uterine tubes, uterine arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pouch in between anterior wall of uterus and bladder

A

vesico-uterine pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pouch between anterior wall of rectum and posterior wall of uterus and vagina

A

recto-uterine pouch - pouch of Douglas; posterior fornix to recto-uterine pouch in IVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does round ligament of uterus connect to at the uterus

A

uterine horns (where uterus and uterine vessels meet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the round ligament of the uterus and ligament of ovary remnants of; what is function of ovarian ligament

A

gubernaculum to inguinal canal; connects ovary to lateral surface of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 sections of the broad ligament of uterus peritoneum

A

mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of ovaries contain

A

ovarian vessels from lateral walls (reflection of broad ligament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 sets of fibrous bands which form cervical ligaments (fascia)

A

transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament (most important as stronger), uterosacral ligament, pubocervical ligament (anterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

function of cervical ligaments

A

anchor cervix in place within pelvis, preventing uterus from prolapsing through vagina by passive support (dynamic support by pelvic floor muscles - levator ani, and coccygeus muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the uterus (8-9 cm) consist of

A

fundus, body, lower segment, cervix; all made of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do uterine tubes consist of

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is there potential communication between via reproductive passage

A

peritoneal cavity and exterior, so infection can travel into peritoneal cavity via uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the reproductive passage

A

abdominal ostium of uterine tube and vagina opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

superior to posterior uterus sections

A

fundus (superior to uterine tube entry in uterine cavity), body of uterus (containing internal os), cervix (neck of uterus containing cervical canal; then external os to vagina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lateral to medial uterine tube sections (from ovaries)

A

ovary (ovarian vessels in suspensory ligament of ovary attached), abdominal ostium of uterine tubules (with 10-12 mobile fimbriae on inferior end which guard and causes egg to go into ostium of uterine tube), infundibulum, ampulla (fertilisation normally occurs here), isthmus (narrowing), uterine part (joining uterine cavity with uterine ostium above, and fundus of uterus above that)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

uterus changes in size during pregnancy (3 to 9 months)

A

3 is normal uterus size, then increases up to iliac creest at 5 months, goes past umbilicus between 5-6 months, and above costl margin at 9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

effect on breathing during late pregnancy

A

more difficult as less room for lung to expand into as diaphragm pushed higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

uterus changes in size during pregnancy (10 months)

A

lower than 9 months (in between 9 and 8 months) as uterus shrinks again after childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cervical structures and length

A

fibro-muscular cylinder with internal os (towards uterine cavity) and external os (towards vagina); 2.5 cm - if insufficient length will give birth earlier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cells of cervical canal

A

mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cells of vaginal surface of cervix (just below external os)

A

stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

use of cells of vaginal surface of cervix

A

cervical smear test - no glands in vaginal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what does cervix project into and relation to vaginal axis

A

into anterior vaginal wall at right angle to vaginal axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the cervical ligaments holding the cervix in place attached to

A

pelvis and sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the cervical ligaments part of

A

pelvic fascia (not peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

angle of axis of uterine body to axis of cervix

A

“anteflexed” - obtuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

angle of axis of cervix to axis of vagina

A

“anteverted” - right angle; uterus tilted anteriorly to vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

length of fibro-muscular cervical canal

A

7-9 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is at the upper end of the cervix which is clinically important

A

posterior fornix (depth > lateral fornix > anterior fornix); gutter from neck of uterus (cervix) into anterior vaginal wall); instrument from posterior fornix to recto-uterine pouch in IVF to remove eggs from ovary; drain pelvic abscess as most abscess fluid collect in recto-uterine pouch as lowest part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does the urethra (4cm long) fuse with of the vagina

A

connective tissue fuses with anterior wall; herniation into vaginal cavity from urethra can occur if weak wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

structures palpable via vaginal wall

A

cervix, ischial spine (near where pudendal nerve runs), sacral promontory, uterine artery pulse (lateral fornix), ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

main arterial branches to pelvic viscera

A

superior vesical (main artery to urinary bladder), uterine, middle rectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are the walls of the pelvis supplied by

A

sacral, gluteal, obturator branches

42
Q

what supplies the perineum and recto-anal region

A

pudendal artery (supplies recto-anal region via inferior rectal branches)

43
Q

what is the vaginal artery equivalent to in men

A

inferior vesical artery

44
Q

what is the major artery that supplies the female pelvis

A

internal iliac

45
Q

what does the anterior division of internal iliac bifurcate into more inferiorly

A

uterine artery and internal pudendal artery (bifurcates into internal pudendal and middle rectal)

46
Q

what branches from the uterine artery more inferiorly

A

vaginal artery

47
Q

what branches from the internal iliac more superiorly to bifurcation into uterine and internal pudendal

A

superior vesical arteries

48
Q

what is the main blood supply to uterus

A

uterine artery

49
Q

what happens to uterine artery during pregnancy

A

enlarges

50
Q

where does the uterine artery run

A

medially towards cervix

51
Q

how far away from the cervix does the uterine artery cross the ureter (from kidney)

A

about 1 cm

52
Q

where does uterine branch run close to

A

uterus in broad ligament

53
Q

what does ascending branch of uterine artery supply

A

body of uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries (ovaries and adjacent tubes have ovarian artery via suspensory ligament from upper abdominal aorta also - just below renal arteries)

54
Q

what does descending branch of uterine artery supply

A

vagina

55
Q

what do the ovaries lie close to

A

openings of uterine tubes into peritoneal cavity

56
Q

during hysterectomy what can happen with ureters

A

tied off accidently with uterine arteries

57
Q

where is the ovary on the broad ligament and what does it face

A

on posterior surface of broad ligament, facing into peritoneal cavity into which eggs are first released

58
Q

2 triangles in female perineum, and what is in between

A

urogenital, anal; perineal body in front of anal canal and behind vaginal opening (most muscles anchor; lower 1/3 vaginal muscles anchor here also)

59
Q

3 points of urogenital triangle

A

pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities (gluteal folds just below ischial tuberosities)

60
Q

3 points of anal triangle

A

ischial tuberosities, coccyx

61
Q

structure of perineal membrane

A

thick triangular fascial structure

62
Q

what is perineal membrane attached to

A

pubic arch

63
Q

posterior and anterior of perineal membrane

A

posteriorly free margin, anteriorly small gap

64
Q

where is deep perineal space located

A

above perineal membrane and below fascia of pelvic diaphragm

65
Q

where is superficial perineal space located

A

below perineal membrane and perineal fascia (subcutaneous tissue)

66
Q

when do the deep and superficial potential spaces become real

A

when fluid leaks into them

67
Q

what is the external urinary sphincter crucial for in women

A

maintaining urinary contincence (internal urethral sphincter not as well developed)

68
Q

modification of pelvic floor muscles which wraps around vagina and urethra which are developed better in female

A

sphincter urethrovaginalis (compressor urethrae) as compresses urethra

69
Q

contents of superficial perineal pouch

A

median errectile tissue masses (corpus spongiosum), lateral erectile tissue masses (corpora cavernosa); urethra does not run through erectile tissues

70
Q

where does corpus spongiosum divide around to form vestibular bulbs

A

vestibule

71
Q

what is derived from corpus spongiosum

A

glans of clitoris

72
Q

what are the paired corpora cavernosa attached to

A

ischiopubic rami

73
Q

what is derived from corpora cavernosa

A

body of clitoris

74
Q

what are the erectile tissues in perineum surrounded by

A

skeletal muscles

75
Q

vulva (female external genitalia) contents of superficial perineal pouch

A

mons pubis (fatty tissue lying over pubic bones), labia majora (hairy) and minora (hairless skin), clitoris, vestibule of vagina (space between labia majora and minora), vestibular bulbs (lie under labia majora), vestibular glands

76
Q

what fills urogenital triangle

A

perineal membrane

77
Q

what are anchored to perineal membrane

A

erectile tissues and associated skeletal muscles

78
Q

where does urethra emerge through perineal membrane

A

urethra orifice

79
Q

where does vagina emerge through perineal membrane

A

vagital orifice

80
Q

what are either side of cervix, urethra orifice and vagital orifice

A

bulbs of vestibule

81
Q

what does the posterior part of corpus spongiousum form, which have openings either side of urethra orifice into the vaginal vestibule

A

lesser (Skene’s) and greater (Bartholin’s) vestibular glands surrounding vestibule and vagina

82
Q

below bulb of vesituble

A

perineal body

83
Q

what is the hymen

A

thin mucosal fold containing vaginal orifice, which is normally perforated at the centre

84
Q

what happens to the hymen during intercourse and child birth

A

it is torn and only a few tags remain

85
Q

what do peri-urtheral glands open into

A

urethral lumen

86
Q

as the vaginal wall has no glands, how is it kept moist

A

transudation

87
Q

what is present in cervical canal mucosa

A

numerous mucus glands

88
Q

what is male equivalent of paraurethral gland (lesser Skene’s)

A

prostate

89
Q

what is male equivalent of greater vestibular gland (Bartholin’s)

A

paraurethral

90
Q

what nerves supplies pelvic contents

A

autonomic

91
Q

where are sympathetic nerves to pelvis from

A

T10-L2 via hypogastric plexus

92
Q

where are parasympathetic nerves from

A

S2-S4 (pudendal nerve)

93
Q

where is pelvic visceral pain referred to

A

suprapubic region and perineum

94
Q

what is pudendal nerve motor to

A

perineal muscles, anal and urethral sphincters, levator ani

95
Q

what is pudendal nerve sensory to

A

external genitalia (vestibule, labia minora and part of labia majora, lower vagina, clitoris, lower anal canal)

96
Q

where is anterior labial nerve from

A

ilioinguinal L1

97
Q

where is perineal branch of post-cutaneous nerve of thigh from

A

S1-S3

98
Q

where do pelvic organs mainly drain to

A

external and internal iliac nodes around arteries

99
Q

where do ovary and testis drain to

A

para-aortic nodes (closer to renal nodes)

100
Q

where do perineum (including anal canal) and external genitalia drain to

A

superficial inguinal nodes (subcutaneous below inguinal ligament)

101
Q

true pelvic cavity wedge (narrow anterior, wide posterior)

A

line from S1 to pubic symphysis, and line from pubic symphysis to coccyx

102
Q

brief structures of true pelvic cavity from anterior to posterior

A

urinary bladder; uterus, cervix and vagina; rectum

LSS Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions