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LSS Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum > lecture 4 pelvis > Flashcards

lecture 4 pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

components of pelvic girdle

A

right and left hip bones, sacrum, pubic symphysis

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2
Q

what connects sacrum and hip bone

A

sacro-iliac joint - no movement

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3
Q

what is the pubic angle; narrow in males, wide in females

A

angle between pubic symphysis (no movement) and inferior rami of the ischium

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4
Q

structure of hip bone

A

3 bones: ilium (main bone beneath iliac crest), pubis (anterior), ischium (posterior); fuse forming acetabulum and acetabular fossa (depressed area with articular surface)

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5
Q

what is the false/greater pelvis

A

superior to margin of pelvic inlet; iliac fossa, ASIS

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6
Q

what is the true/lesser pelvis

A

inferior to margin of pelvic inlet; sacrum, coccyx, pubic tubercle, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

what 3 foramen are present in true pelvis

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen; obturator foramen

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8
Q

what ligament connects sacrum to ischial tuberosity

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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9
Q

what ligament connect sacrum to spine

A

sacrospinous ligament

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10
Q

what makes up the pelvic wall

A

sacrum and coccyx, pelvic bones, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

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11
Q

what angle is the pelvic cavity axis back from abdominal cavity axis

A

45 degrees

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12
Q

what is the boundary between abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

pelvic inlet

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13
Q

what is the boundary of the end of the pelvis (before reaching perineum)

A

pelvic outlet

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14
Q

what is the pelvic inlet comprised of antero-laterally

A

pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis, linea terminalis. sacrum

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15
Q

what are the 3 sections of the linea terminalis

A

pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line

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16
Q

what are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet

A

coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, body of pubis, pubic symphysis, pubic arch

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17
Q

what forms a shallow basin containing the lower abdominal viscera

A

iliac fossae

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18
Q

what way is the axis of the pelvic cavity inclined

A

antero-inferiorly

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19
Q

what shape is the pelvic cavity

A

conical or cylindrical (birth canal)

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20
Q

what mainly lines pelvic cavity

A

muscles, posteriorly with nerves and blood vessels

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21
Q

what is most of the pelvic bone facing pelvic cavity covered by

A

obturator internus muscle and its fascia

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22
Q

nerves which supply lower limb and lower part of pelvis

A

lumbosacral plexus

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23
Q

what 2 muscles are attached to the medial surface of the greater tochanter of femur

A

piriformis (from sacrum), obturator internus (from bony margins of obturator foramen)

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24
Q

what is the border between obturator internus and levator ani muscle (from where levator ani muscle originate)

A

tendinous arch (obturator internus fascia)

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25
what are the 3 sections of the levator ani muscle
iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis
26
what muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament
coccygeus
27
what ligament is formed from levator ani muscle medially
anococcygeal ligament
28
what do the levator ani muscles form
pelvic diaphragm (is a bowl-like sheet of muscle)
29
function of levator ani muscles
support pelvic organs
30
what are the pelvic organs
bladder, cervix/uterus, rectum
31
pelvic diaphragm nerve supply
pudendal (S2-S4; from perineum) and directly by S4
32
slide 12
slide 12
33
openings in pelvic diaphragm (anterior to posterior)
urethra, vagina in females (both in perineal membrane in urogential triangle), anal canal (no perineal membrane; levator ani in anal triangle)
34
what is the perineal membrane
inferior layer of fascia of urogenital part of pelvic diaphragm (attach to ischio pubic ramus), where most pelvic organs are attached
35
what is the perineal body
fibromuscular mass
36
slide 13
slide 13
37
where is levator ani slung from
pelvis and sacrum
38
what is located beneath the diaphragm
perineum
39
what does the perineum contain
voluntary sphincters, external genitalia
40
where are structures in lower urinary system (ureter, urinary bladder, urethra) located
pelvic cavity
41
slide 16
slide 16
42
what 2 structures are present only in the male pelvis
ductus deferens (passes across ureter), prostate gland (inferior to urinary bladder, above urogenital diaphragm)
43
function of ductus deferens
carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
44
slide 17
slide 17
45
structure of male pelvis (superior to inferior)
urinary bladder, prostate
46
what lines prostate on either side running obliquely
levator ani
47
what is outside of pelvic cavity formed by levator ani
ischio-anal fossa
48
slide 18
slide 18
49
urethral sphincters (male)
internal vesicae urethral sphincter (smooth muscle) immediately below bladder at neck; external urethrae urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle) in deep perineal pouch directly below prostate in perineum
50
slide 19
slide 19
51
structure of female pelvis
ureter runs medial to ovary, posterior to uterus into urinary bladder and out through short urethra (near vagina)
52
what is posterior to anal canal
levator ani
53
slide 20
slide 20
54
urethral sphincters (female)
not well organised internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle) surrounds utethra in deep perineal pouch
55
2 additional groups of muscle in females
sphincter urethrovaginalis, compressor urethrae
56
slide 21
slide 21
57
shape of bladder when empty
tetrahedral
58
structures at supero-posterior corners
ureters
59
structure at anterior corner (apex)
median umbilical ligament
60
slide 22
slide 22
61
what angle does urethra leave
inferior
62
what covers superior surface of urinary bladder
peritoneum
63
what does urinary bladder expand between
transversalis fascia, lining peritoneum
64
blood supply of rectum
superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries
65
shape of rectum
double-S bend to keep load off sphincter
66
slide 24
slide 24
67
what nervous system supplies rectum and what is it sensitive to
ANS visceral, mainly sensitive to filling
68
what nervous system supplies anal canal and what is it sensitive to
somatic nerves, extremely sensitive to injury
69
what is the boundary between rectum (ampulla) and anal canal
anorectal junction
70
sections of external anal sphincter
deep superficial, subcutaneous
71
slide 25
slide 25
72
importance of sphincter ani (skeletal muscle) surrounding anal canal
less important to faecal continence than puborectalis part of levator ani (sharp angle into recto-anal junction)
73
what can injure puborectalis part of levator ani
badly-performed episiotomy
74
slide 26
slide 26
75
what does rectum descend within
concavity of sacrum
76
how many lateral curvatures does rectum show
3
77
where is a right-angle bend
recto-anal junction
78
2 sphincters of rectum
smooth muscle internal, skeletal muscle external
79
main functional sphincter
puborectalis sling of levator ani
80
arterial supply of all pelvic organs (except ovaries), pelvic walls and much of gluteal region
internal iliac artery (anterior and posterior divisions); anterior go to visceral structures; posterior go to gluteal muscles
81
where does common iliac artery form
L4
82
when does common iliac artery divide into internal and external iliac arteries
L5/S1
83
where does external iliac go to
lower limb
84
what artery supplies genital structures in perineal region
pudendal artery which is a branch of internal iliac artery

LSS Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum (10 decks)

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