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LSS Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum > lecture 4 pelvis > Flashcards

lecture 4 pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

components of pelvic girdle

A

right and left hip bones, sacrum, pubic symphysis

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2
Q

what connects sacrum and hip bone

A

sacro-iliac joint - no movement

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3
Q

what is the pubic angle; narrow in males, wide in females

A

angle between pubic symphysis (no movement) and inferior rami of the ischium

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4
Q

structure of hip bone

A

3 bones: ilium (main bone beneath iliac crest), pubis (anterior), ischium (posterior); fuse forming acetabulum and acetabular fossa (depressed area with articular surface)

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5
Q

what is the false/greater pelvis

A

superior to margin of pelvic inlet; iliac fossa, ASIS

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6
Q

what is the true/lesser pelvis

A

inferior to margin of pelvic inlet; sacrum, coccyx, pubic tubercle, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

what 3 foramen are present in true pelvis

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen; obturator foramen

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8
Q

what ligament connects sacrum to ischial tuberosity

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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9
Q

what ligament connect sacrum to spine

A

sacrospinous ligament

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10
Q

what makes up the pelvic wall

A

sacrum and coccyx, pelvic bones, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

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11
Q

what angle is the pelvic cavity axis back from abdominal cavity axis

A

45 degrees

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12
Q

what is the boundary between abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

pelvic inlet

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13
Q

what is the boundary of the end of the pelvis (before reaching perineum)

A

pelvic outlet

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14
Q

what is the pelvic inlet comprised of antero-laterally

A

pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis, linea terminalis. sacrum

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15
Q

what are the 3 sections of the linea terminalis

A

pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line

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16
Q

what are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet

A

coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, body of pubis, pubic symphysis, pubic arch

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17
Q

what forms a shallow basin containing the lower abdominal viscera

A

iliac fossae

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18
Q

what way is the axis of the pelvic cavity inclined

A

antero-inferiorly

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19
Q

what shape is the pelvic cavity

A

conical or cylindrical (birth canal)

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20
Q

what mainly lines pelvic cavity

A

muscles, posteriorly with nerves and blood vessels

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21
Q

what is most of the pelvic bone facing pelvic cavity covered by

A

obturator internus muscle and its fascia

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22
Q

nerves which supply lower limb and lower part of pelvis

A

lumbosacral plexus

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23
Q

what 2 muscles are attached to the medial surface of the greater tochanter of femur

A

piriformis (from sacrum), obturator internus (from bony margins of obturator foramen)

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24
Q

what is the border between obturator internus and levator ani muscle (from where levator ani muscle originate)

A

tendinous arch (obturator internus fascia)

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25
Q

what are the 3 sections of the levator ani muscle

A

iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

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26
Q

what muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament

A

coccygeus

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27
Q

what ligament is formed from levator ani muscle medially

A

anococcygeal ligament

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28
Q

what do the levator ani muscles form

A

pelvic diaphragm (is a bowl-like sheet of muscle)

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29
Q

function of levator ani muscles

A

support pelvic organs

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30
Q

what are the pelvic organs

A

bladder, cervix/uterus, rectum

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31
Q

pelvic diaphragm nerve supply

A

pudendal (S2-S4; from perineum) and directly by S4

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32
Q

slide 12

A

slide 12

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33
Q

openings in pelvic diaphragm (anterior to posterior)

A

urethra, vagina in females (both in perineal membrane in urogential triangle), anal canal (no perineal membrane; levator ani in anal triangle)

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34
Q

what is the perineal membrane

A

inferior layer of fascia of urogenital part of pelvic diaphragm (attach to ischio pubic ramus), where most pelvic organs are attached

35
Q

what is the perineal body

A

fibromuscular mass

36
Q

slide 13

A

slide 13

37
Q

where is levator ani slung from

A

pelvis and sacrum

38
Q

what is located beneath the diaphragm

A

perineum

39
Q

what does the perineum contain

A

voluntary sphincters, external genitalia

40
Q

where are structures in lower urinary system (ureter, urinary bladder, urethra) located

A

pelvic cavity

41
Q

slide 16

A

slide 16

42
Q

what 2 structures are present only in the male pelvis

A

ductus deferens (passes across ureter), prostate gland (inferior to urinary bladder, above urogenital diaphragm)

43
Q

function of ductus deferens

A

carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

44
Q

slide 17

A

slide 17

45
Q

structure of male pelvis (superior to inferior)

A

urinary bladder, prostate

46
Q

what lines prostate on either side running obliquely

A

levator ani

47
Q

what is outside of pelvic cavity formed by levator ani

A

ischio-anal fossa

48
Q

slide 18

A

slide 18

49
Q

urethral sphincters (male)

A

internal vesicae urethral sphincter (smooth muscle) immediately below bladder at neck; external urethrae urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle) in deep perineal pouch directly below prostate in perineum

50
Q

slide 19

A

slide 19

51
Q

structure of female pelvis

A

ureter runs medial to ovary, posterior to uterus into urinary bladder and out through short urethra (near vagina)

52
Q

what is posterior to anal canal

A

levator ani

53
Q

slide 20

A

slide 20

54
Q

urethral sphincters (female)

A

not well organised internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle) surrounds utethra in deep perineal pouch

55
Q

2 additional groups of muscle in females

A

sphincter urethrovaginalis, compressor urethrae

56
Q

slide 21

A

slide 21

57
Q

shape of bladder when empty

A

tetrahedral

58
Q

structures at supero-posterior corners

A

ureters

59
Q

structure at anterior corner (apex)

A

median umbilical ligament

60
Q

slide 22

A

slide 22

61
Q

what angle does urethra leave

A

inferior

62
Q

what covers superior surface of urinary bladder

A

peritoneum

63
Q

what does urinary bladder expand between

A

transversalis fascia, lining peritoneum

64
Q

blood supply of rectum

A

superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

65
Q

shape of rectum

A

double-S bend to keep load off sphincter

66
Q

slide 24

A

slide 24

67
Q

what nervous system supplies rectum and what is it sensitive to

A

ANS visceral, mainly sensitive to filling

68
Q

what nervous system supplies anal canal and what is it sensitive to

A

somatic nerves, extremely sensitive to injury

69
Q

what is the boundary between rectum (ampulla) and anal canal

A

anorectal junction

70
Q

sections of external anal sphincter

A

deep superficial, subcutaneous

71
Q

slide 25

A

slide 25

72
Q

importance of sphincter ani (skeletal muscle) surrounding anal canal

A

less important to faecal continence than puborectalis part of levator ani (sharp angle into recto-anal junction)

73
Q

what can injure puborectalis part of levator ani

A

badly-performed episiotomy

74
Q

slide 26

A

slide 26

75
Q

what does rectum descend within

A

concavity of sacrum

76
Q

how many lateral curvatures does rectum show

A

3

77
Q

where is a right-angle bend

A

recto-anal junction

78
Q

2 sphincters of rectum

A

smooth muscle internal, skeletal muscle external

79
Q

main functional sphincter

A

puborectalis sling of levator ani

80
Q

arterial supply of all pelvic organs (except ovaries), pelvic walls and much of gluteal region

A

internal iliac artery (anterior and posterior divisions); anterior go to visceral structures; posterior go to gluteal muscles

81
Q

where does common iliac artery form

A

L4

82
Q

when does common iliac artery divide into internal and external iliac arteries

A

L5/S1

83
Q

where does external iliac go to

A

lower limb

84
Q

what artery supplies genital structures in perineal region

A

pudendal artery which is a branch of internal iliac artery

LSS Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum (10 decks)

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