Lecture 6 Enzymes

Question 1

Define the following terms:
-Catalyst

Answer 1

A substance which will increase the speed of the chem rnx

Question 2

Define the following terms:
-Substrate

Answer 2

The molecule undergoing RXN

Question 3

Define the following terms:
-Ligand

Answer 3

A molecule that bings to cause conformational change

Question 4

Define the following terms:
-Enzyme

Answer 4

Catalyst if living organisms

Question 5

Define the following terms:
-Enzyme product complex(EP)

Answer 5

The complex where the enzyme forms the product

Question 6

Define the following terms:
-Product

Answer 6

What comes out of substrate and enzyme

Question 7

Define the following terms:
-Stereoisomer

Answer 7

Same chemical formula but differ over a chirality

Question 8

Define the following terms:
-Activation Energy

Answer 8

The energy required to reach transitional state

Question 9

Define the following terms:
-Transitional State

Answer 9

The point of maximal free engird

Question 10

Define the following terms:
-Activation energy barrier

Answer 10

The energy required to reach the transitional state, IE the AE

Question 11

Understand the mechanisms involved substrate specificity including:
-Catalysis by proximity

Answer 11

When an enzymes active site will position molecule within bonding forming distance.

Question 12

Understand the mechanisms involved substrate specificity including:
-Induced fir model or catalysis by strain

Answer 12

The enzyme changes shape upon binding to the substrate

Question 13

Understand the mechanisms involved substrate specificity including:
-Acid base catalysis

Answer 13

AA side chains in enzyme Activation site can transfer Protons between enzymes, substrates, transitional states and other intermediates

accelerates the reaction

Question 14

Understand the mechanisms involved substrate specificity including:
-Transitional state stabilization

Answer 14

enzymes bind the substate in geometry which resembles the transitional state which will stabilize the transitional state

promoting formation and accelerate rxn

Question 15

Be able to interpret reaction coordinate diagrams

Answer 15

Plots the free energy

Question 16

Explain factors that make enzyme reactions specific

Answer 16

BINDS CHEMISTRY then DISSOCIATION

Question 17

Understand and explain
-basis for rate rxn

Answer 17

A substate will have increase rate of rxn w/ attached enzyme(catalyst of living organism)

Question 18

Understand and explain that enzymes do not change eq point

Answer 18

enzymes only change AE and do not effect how much will be procured only how fast they will be produced.

Question 19

How do enzymes convert non-chiral substrates to specific stereoisomers

Answer 19

by moving one of the sides to a different position( up or down)

Question 20

List the types of catalysis in chymotrypsin
Identify the catalytic triad and delineate their roles in catalysis
Understand the steps in catalysis

Answer 20

-General base catalysis, Covalent Catalysis, and transitional state stabilization
-ASP102, HIS 57, and SER 195

ASP102 Polarizes HIS 5 7 making able to accept electrons
HIS 57 accepts electrons
SER 195 donates electrons

Question 21

How do enzymes accelerates rate of rxn w/o affecting KEQ

Answer 21

There is no change in the delta g of a reaction. if there was then there would be a change in the keq