Lecture 6 - Circulatory system Flashcards
Plasma: what is it and what is it comprised of?
Fluid within blood vessels
Contains water, WBCs, platelets, coagulation factors, essential proteins, food etc
Interstitial fluid: what is it and how is it produced?
Fluid between cells
At the capillary space nearer to the arteriole, fluid is pushed out into the interstitial fluid
At the capillary space nearer to the venule, fluid is drawn into the capillary from the interstitial fluid
Capillary blood pressure: what does it do and what happens with the pressure in the capillary
CBP - Involved in filtration of fluid: high pressure pushes fluid out, low pressure draws fluid in (when in conjunction with BCOP)
Gradually decreases across the capillary
Blood colloid osmotic pressure: what does it do and what happens with the pressure in the capillary?
BCOP - pulls fluid back into the capillary by the use of proteins
This remains constant across a capillary, but, as the CBP changes, its effect is more significant at the latter end of the capillary
Reabsorption of fluid: how much is reabsorbed and why must the rest be removed?
Approximately 85% of the fluid is reabsorbed, if the rest is not moved away, oedema can occur
Lymphatic capillaries: what do they do and what are they?
Pick up the remaining 15% of interstitial fluid pushed out from capillaries
Blind-ended tubes that are adjacent to capillary beds
Lymph: what is it and where does it move through?
The name given to excess interstitial fluid
Lymph passes through capillaries to vessels to nodes to trunks to either the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic drainage: where does it occur and which duct drains which part of the body?
Right lymphatic duct -> right subclavian vein
Thoracic vein -> left subclavian vein
Alternate terms:
- armpit - head -neck
- arm -back of the knee
- upper arm bone - top forearm bone - bottom forearm bone - top hip bone
- middle hip bone - bottom hip bone
- thigh bone - anterior calf bone
- knee bone - posterior calf bone
- toe bones - feet bones
- ankle bones - finger bones
- hand bones - collar bone
- shoulder bone - breastbone
⠀
- Axillary fossa - cephalic - jugular
- brachium - popliteal fossa
- humerus - radius
- ulna - ilium
- ischium - pubis
- femur - tibia
- patella - fibula
- phalanges - tarsals/metatarsals
- Talus (+ T & F) - phalanges
- carpals/metacarpals - clavicle
- scapula - sternum
Arteries: pathways through the body:
Aortic arch
⠀
Brachiocephalic trunk -> upper right body
Descending Thoracic aorta -> lower body
Left common carotid -> left side of the head
left subclavian -> left arm and shoulder
Arteries: pathways through the body:
Brachiocephalic trunk
⠀
Right common carotid -> head
Right subclavian -> arm and shoulder
Arteries: pathways through the body:
Right/left subclavian
⠀
Right/left subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> raidal/ulnar
Arteries: pathways through the body:
Descending Thoracic aorta
⠀
dTa -> abdominal aorta -> common iliiac -> external iliac
Arteries: pathways through the body:
External iliac
⠀
External iliac -> Internal iliac
External iliac -> femoral -> popliteal -> anterior tibial
Six types of circulation within the body
General systemic circulation - supplies blood to the body
Coronary circulation - supplies blood to the heart
Pulmonary circulation - oxygenates the blood
Foetal circulation - skips lungs (ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale) as they don’t oxygenate the blood and liver (ductus venosus) as it is underdeveloped
Portal circulation - blood passes through multiple capillary beds
Lymphatic circulation - moves lymph through the body
Portal circulation: what is it, what does it do, and what examples?
Involves blood passing through one capillary bed, and then a portal vein carries blood from that capillary bed directly to another one before circulating back to the heart
This allows the direct movement of materials through the blood
Hypophyseal and hepatic (blood passing through the digestive system gets filtered in the liver before returning to the heart) portal systems
Hypophyseal portal system
The portal vein connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and allows the hypothalamus to directly give instructions to the pituitary gland
Hepatic portal system
The main portal system, the gastrointestinal tract has capillary beds that are connected to a portal vein towards the liver and this allows the processing of digested material.
This contributes to the first pass effect, meaning that some drugs may not reach target organs due to breakdown in the liver because of oral consumption
Lymphatic circulation: what does it do and how does it do this?
Moves lymph (fluid) around the body and acts as a drainage system for fluid and a defence mechanism
It drains lymph by capillaries releasing it and being picked up by lymph capillaries
It acts as a defence mechanism by passing lymph through lymph nodes which contain lymphocytes to break down pathogens
Lymph nodes
Contains many lymphocytes, and foreign particles are trapped.
The trapped particles may be destroyed by macrophages and immune responses can be triggered
