Lecture 6 Chapter 7 Flashcards
What are the assumptions parametric tests make? Two of them
– Assume that the population distribution is normal
– Used to estimate population parameters such as means and variances
What tests do you use if the data is not “scale” data or the data is not normally disturbed
non-parametric tests
What type of test has less power or is less able to reject the null hypothesis when we really should
non-parametric tests
true/false
Non-parametric tests are less sensitive than parametric test
true
Is a chi-square test non/or parametric
It is a non-parametric test
What does a chi-square test compare?
compares observed frequencies with expected frequencies of variables
What type of data does the DV have to be to use a chi-square test?
Nominal or Dichotomous
What type of research design is needed to use chi-square
between-group design
What test do you run if you have a difference question and the DV is scale and a between design
Independent sample t test
What test do you run if you have a difference question and the DV is scale and a within design
Paired sample t-test
What test do you run if you have a difference question and the DV is ordinal and a between design
Mann-whitney U
Is Mann-Whitney U a parametric test?
no
What test do you run if you have a difference question and the DV is Ordinal and a within design
Wilcoxon
What test do you run if you have a difference question and the DV is nominal/dichotomous and a between design
Chi-square
What test do you run if you have a difference question and the DV is nominal/dichotomous and a within design
Mcnemar
What test do you run if you have an association question and the one variable is scale and one is nominal
Eta
What test do you run if you have an association question and the two variables are scale?
Pearson R
What test do you run if you have an association question and both variables are ordinal?
Kendall Tau
What test do you run if you have an association question and both variables are nominal or dichotomous
PHI or Cramers-V
you have an association question, and both variables are nominal or Dichotomous how do you decide between running a PHI or Cramers-V?
PHI is only two variables
Cramers-V is when both or 1 variables have 3 or more levels
You have an association question, and both variables are nominal or Dichotomous what are you comparing?
Counts
You have an association question, and both variables are ordinal what are you comparing?
Ranks
You have an association question, and the two variables are scales what are you comparing?
Scores
What is the Chi-Square comparing?
It compared the observed frequencies with the expected frequencies of the DV across that of the IV.
What are the assumptions of Chi-Square
The primary assumption of chi-square is that none of the
expected frequencies should be less than 5.
-If one or more of the expected frequencies are less than
5, then something is wrong with your data
What does the correlation coefficients tell you?
Describe the
1. Strength (effect size) of a relationship (association) between two variables
2. Direction of a relationship (association) between two variables
What does the pearson R describe?
Used to describe the strength and direction of relationship between two scale variables
Strength of a relationship can be referred to as?
Effect size
The closer they are to -1 or +1, the _________ the relationship between the variables and the larger the effect size
Stronger
The closer they are to zero, the ______ the relationship between the variables and the smaller the effect size
weaker
Look at the correlation coefficients and If it is ________the variables change together in the same direction
positive
Look at the correlation coefficients and If it is ________the variables change together in the opposite direction
Negative
If the computed phi Has No minus sign in front, then the direction of the association is?
positive
If the computed phi Has minus sign in front, then the direction of the association is?
negative
negative correlation means? as one variable ____ the other_____
As one variable increases, the other decreases. Change in opposite direction
positive correlation means? as one variable ____ the other_____
As one variable increases, the other increases. Change in same direction.
The correlation coefficient tells us the cause and effect of a relationship
True or False
False
