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MedSci 142 > Lecture 6 - Autonomic/Endocrine System: Stress Response > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Autonomic/Endocrine System: Stress Response Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two classes of pituitary?

A

anterior and posterior

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2
Q

does the anterior or posterior pituitary:
respond to releasing + inhibiting hormones from ventral hypothalamus

A

anterior

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3
Q

does the anterior or posterior pituitary:
respond directly to hypothalamic neurons

A

posterior

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4
Q

what does the anterior pituitary release?

A

GHRH, GHIH, TRH, CRH, GnRH, PIH, GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, CH, PRL

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5
Q

how is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus? and with what type of connection

A

via the hypophyseal portal system (vascular connection)

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6
Q

how is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus? and with what type of connection

A

via the hypothalamic - hypophyseal tract (neural connection)

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7
Q

what does the posterior pituitary release?

A

oxytocin + ADH

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8
Q

how many hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A

9

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9
Q

how many hormones does the pituitary release?

A

7

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10
Q

hypothalamus main function

A

release + inhibit hormones to control pituitary

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11
Q

pituitary main function

A

controlling endocrine organs

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12
Q

what 4 things does both the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate

A

growth, development, metabolism, homeostasis

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13
Q

what is a secondary plexus?

A

network of capillaries connecting posterior and anterior pituitary capillaries

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14
Q

what 2 hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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15
Q

what 2 hormones does the adrenal cortex release?

A
  1. mineralo-corticoids (e.g. aldeosterone)
  2. glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)
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16
Q

what stimulates the adrenal medulla?

A

acetylcholine from sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

17
Q

what 2 things stimulate the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. increased K+ and angiotensin II in blood
  2. ACTH from pituitary
18
Q

what is the main function of the adrenal medulla?

A

enhance sympathetic autonomic alarm system

19
Q

what are the main 2 functions of the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. increase blood Na+, water, decrease blood K+ —> increase blood volume/pressure
  2. resistance reaction to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune response
20
Q

reason for why cortisol breaks down proteins?

A

used for synthesis of new proteins and ATP production

21
Q

reason for why cortisol does glucogenesis in liver?

A

neuron/cell ATP production

22
Q

reason for why cortisol does lipolysis?

A

breaks down triglycerides/fatty acids into blood

23
Q

what things does cortisol resist? (by using increased glucose and ATP)

A

stresses
e.g. exercise, fasting, fright, extreme temp, bleeding, infection, etc

24
Q

what effect does cortisol have on blood vessels and how does this affect blood pressure?

A

vasoconstriction
increases blood pressure

25
Q

what 2 effects does cortisol inhibiting white blood cells have in inflammatory responses?

A

limit tissue damage + slows down tissue repair/wound healing

26
Q

does cortisol suppress or stimulate immune responses?

A

suppress

27
Q

what are the 3 stages of the stress response?

A

alarm response
extended alarm response
resistance response

28
Q

what 2 ways does the neuroendocrine system affect the immune system?

A

via hormones and autonomic nerves

29
Q

how does the immune system affect the neuroendocrine system?

A

cytokines

30
Q

description of eustress (acute)

A

prepares to meet certain challenges, helpful

31
Q

description of distress (chronic)

A

associated with undesirable event, potentially harmful

32
Q

what is stress cardiomyopathy syndrome

A

experience acute stress which weakens heart muscle

33
Q

effects of hostility of the heart (4)

A

chronic sympathetic system activation, cardiac damage, constricted capillary blood flow, increased BP

MedSci 142 (6 decks)

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