Lab 1 - Digestive System and Body Cavities (Rat)

Question 1

what are the ventral body cavities?
and how many are there?

Answer 1

thoracic (3) and abdominal (1)

Question 2

what are the thoracic cavities?

Answer 2

pleural cavities (x2 for ea lung) and pericardial cavity

Question 3

what is the abdominal cavity?

Answer 3

peritoneal cavity

Question 4

parietal vs visceral

Answer 4

in contact with wall, in contact with organ

Question 5

what is the structure that forms the physical separation between the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

Answer 5

diaphragm

Question 6

location and function of mesentery tissue

Answer 6

lines abdominal walls: suspends the intestine

Question 7

location and properties of 3 serous membranes

Answer 7

pleura, pericardium (encloses the heart), peritoneum (lines abdominal walls)

Question 8

what organ is not part of the digestive system and is part of the lymphatic system?

Answer 8

spleen

Question 9

what gland produces both digestive enzymes and hormones?

Answer 9

pancreas (insulin)

Question 10

what is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

what organ is found in humans but not rats?

Answer 11

gallbladder

Question 12

what two organs (in rat) secretes products directly into the duodenum via a common duct?

Answer 12

liver + pancreas

Question 13

where is the site of bile production in the rat?

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

key structural difference between female human and rat reproductive organs

Answer 14

2 uterine horns vs pear shaped uterus

Question 15

what are the two regions of stomach + physical description + function

Answer 15

anterior later (translucent) - food storage
posterior (opaque) - digestion

Question 16

where does dehydration of digestive contents and reabsorption of water occur?

Answer 16

colon + small intestine

Question 17

list the regions of the small intestine in order from stomach to caecum

Answer 17

deuodenum, jujunum, ileum

Question 18

what is the path of nutrient laden blood leaving the small intestine?

Answer 18

via hepatic portal vein to the liver

Question 19

how is the flow of chyme controlled?

Answer 19

pyloric sphincter

Question 20

what structure is under partial voluntary control and why?

Answer 20

anus (outer sphincter) - made up of both skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 21

function and location of epiglottis

Answer 21

flap of skin that covers glottis and stops food from going into trachea

Question 22

gallbladder function (humans)

Answer 22

stores and concentrates bile from the liver

Question 23

urethra function

Answer 23

expels female urine

Question 24

vagina function

Answer 24

babies

Question 25

anus function

Answer 25

poop

Question 26

what does the scrotum contain?

Answer 26

testes

Question 27

where is the rat’s flaccid penis contained?

Answer 27

within the abdominal wall

Question 28

nasal cavity function

Answer 28

humidify and filter air

Question 29

oral cavity function

Answer 29

speaking and eating

Question 30

larynx function

Answer 30

protects lower respiratory tract (lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea) from food going into trachea

Question 31

pharynx function

Answer 31

supports respiratory and digestive systems

Question 32

kindney function

Answer 32

removes waste products from blood and produces urine

Question 33

liver function

Answer 33

breaks down blood and creates nutrients

Question 34

oesophagus function

Answer 34

passage of materials from mouth and throat to stomach

Question 35

spleen function

Answer 35

controls levels of blood cells

Question 36

common hepatic duct function

Answer 36

drains bile from liver

Question 37

common bile duct function

Answer 37

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine

Question 38

duodenum function

Answer 38

transforms partially digested food into usable nutrients

Question 39

colon function

Answer 39

receives mostly digested food from cecum, absorbs water and nutrients, and passes waste to rectum

Question 40

ileocecal junction function

Answer 40

prevents the fecal contents in the colon from entering the small intestine

Question 41

appendix function

Answer 41

produces and stores good microbes for the human gut

Question 42

thymus gland function

Answer 42

forms t-lymphocytes, secretes hormones important for development of lymphoid tissues

Question 43

caecum function

Answer 43

breaks down plant cellulose

Question 44

adrenal glands two parts

Answer 44

cortex (outer crust) and medulla (inner core)

Question 45

adrenal gland cortex function

Answer 45

secretes steroid hormones

Question 46

adrenal gland medulla function

Answer 46

secretes adrenaline

Question 47

hard palate location and function

Answer 47

anterior of mouth
separates mouth from nasal cavities above

Question 48

soft palate location and function

Answer 48

posterior roof of mouth
allows food to be swallowed without going into lungs