Lecture 5 - Autonomic and Endocrine System

Question 1

what are the 4 components of the PNS?

Answer 1

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia and periphery nerves

Question 2

what are the 2 components of the CNS?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what type of neuron brings information from the PNS to the CNS?

Answer 3

sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 4

what type of neuron brings information from the CNS to the PNS?

Answer 4

motor (efferent) neurons

Question 5

2 types of cranial/spinal nerves?

Answer 5

sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons

Question 6

2 types of motor (efferent) neurons?

Answer 6

somatic (voluntary)
autonomic (involuntary)

Question 7

2 types of autonomic (involuntary) neurons?

Answer 7

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 8

what 3 bodily structures do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves effect?

Answer 8

cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glands

Question 9

axon function

Answer 9

takes info out of cell body

Question 10

axon terminal function

Answer 10

pass signal from nerve to another nerve/tissue/muscle

Question 11

raynaud disease description (4)

Answer 11

• excessive activation of sympathetic
• constriction of smooth muscle/blood flow
• chronic vasocostriction
• pale tips of fingers + toes (ischemia)

Question 12

describe effects of ischemia

Answer 12

pale tips of fingers + toes

Question 13

alarm response:

• increase/decrease heart rate
• dilation/contraction of pupils
• increased/decreased salivation
• dilation/constriction of bronchi
• skin: contraction of _______ ____ muscles, increased/decreased secretion from sweat glands
• dilation/ constriction of blood vessels
• increased/decreased digestion
• increased/decreased blood sugar
• increased/decreased blood pressure
• increased/decreased water retention

Answer 13

• increase heart rate
• dilation of pupils
• decreased salivation
• dilation of bronchi
• skin: contraction of arrector pili muscles and increased secretion from sweat glands
• constriction of blood vessels
• decreased digestion
• increased blood sugar
• increased blood pressure
• increased water retention

Question 14

relaxation response:

• increased/decreased heart rate
• pupil contraction/dilation
• increased/decreased salivation
• constriction/dilation of bronchi
• constriction/ dilation of peripheral blood vessels
• increased/decreased digestion

Answer 14

• decreased heart rate
• pupil contraction
• increased salivation
• constriction of bronchi
• dilation of peripheral blood vessels
• increased digestion

Question 15

autonomic nervous system function

Answer 15

controls body internal response

Question 16

what 3 things does the sympathetic system control

Answer 16

exercise, emotion, excitement

Question 17

what 3 things does the parasympathetic system control?

Answer 17

repletion, rest, relaxation

Question 18

autonomic: sensory input source

Answer 18

mainly interoceptors (internal sensing)

Question 19

somatic: sensory input source

Answer 19

special senses and somatic senses

Question 20

autonomic: control of output

Answer 20

involuntary - limbic system, hypothalamus, brain stem, spinal cord

Question 21

somatic: control of output

Answer 21

voluntary - cerebral cortex

Question 22

autonomic: motor neuron pathway

Answer 22

2 neuron pathway (pre and post ganglionic)

Question 23

somatic: motor neuron pathway

Answer 23

1 neuron pathway

Question 24

autonomic: neurotransmitters

Answer 24

acetylcholine (pre ganglionic axons, post ganglionic parasympathetic, post ganglionic sympathetic to sweat glands)
norepinephrine (post ganglionic sympathetic fibres other than sweat glands)

Question 25

somatic: neurotransmitters

Answer 25

acetylcholine

Question 26

autonomic: effectors

Answer 26

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 27

somatic: effectors

Answer 27

skeletal muscle

Question 28

hypothalamus functions (4)

• controls _______ ______ via ________ nervous sytem + _______ gland
• regulates ________ patterns, ______ rhythms and _____/____ cycles
• controls body _________
• regulates _____ + ______ behaviour

Answer 28

• controls internal organs via autonomic nervous sytem + pituitary gland
• regulates behavioural patterns, circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycles
• controls body temperature
• regulates eating + drinking behaviour

Question 29

what cells do endocrine hormones/cells effect

Answer 29

distant target cells of organs

Question 30

what cells do paracrine hormones/cells effect

Answer 30

nearby target cells

Question 31

what cells do autocrine hormones/cells effect

Answer 31

themselves

Question 32

6 steps of an action potential

Answer 32

1. nerve impulse
2. voltage-gated Ca2+ channel opens
3. synaptic vesicle fuses with presynaptic cleft + neurotransmitters released in synaptic cleft
4. sodium comes into post synaptic cleft
5. ligand-gated channels open
6. nerve impulse