LECTURE 6 (Alkanes, Alkenes & Alkynes) Flashcards
What is the difference between an Inorganic and Organic compound?
Inorganic = A substance composed of minerals
Organic = A substance that comes from an organism
Define Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen
What is a hydrocarbon?
Organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen
Describe Methane
- Simplest hydrocarbon
- Carbon atom forms an octet by sharing its four valence electrons with the valence electrons of four hydrogen atoms
How many bonds can each carbon atom make?
Four bonds
What are Alkanes?
Hydrocarbons in which the atoms are connected only by single bonds
[Methane (1), Ethane (2), Propane (3), Butane (4)]
What are the properties of Alkanes?
- Non-polar
- Insoluble in water
- Combust to form CO2, H2O and energy
How can Alkenes and Alkynes be converted into Alkanes?
They react with hydrogen gas to increase the number of hydrogen atoms to become alkanes (saturated)
What are Alkenes?
Hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds that form when adjacent carbon atoms share two pairs of valence electrons
What are Alkynes?
When a triple bond forms when two carbon atoms share three pairs of valence electrons
What is the difference between Cis and Trans isomers?
Cis Isomers = Hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond
Trans Isomers = Hydrogen atoms are on the opposite sides of the double bond
What is Hydrogenation, Hydration, Halogenation and Polymerisation?
Hydrogenation = addition of hydrogen
Hydration = addition of H2O -> conversion into alcohol
Halogenation = addition of halogen
Polymerisation = creates polymers
Describe benzene compounds
- A molecule consists of a ring of 6 carbon atoms with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon
- Aromatic compounds
