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Clinical biochemistry > Lecture 6-7 (plasma proteins) > Flashcards

Lecture 6-7 (plasma proteins) Flashcards

1
Q

What is serum

A

Liquid part of blood after coagulation therefore devoid of clotting factors such as fibrinogen

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2
Q

What is plasma

A

Liquid cells free part of blood, that has been treated with anticoagulants

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3
Q

Where are plasma proteins synthesised

A

In the liver with the exception of immunoglobulins

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4
Q

Functions of plasma proteins

A 
Transport 
Maintaining plasma oncotic pressure 
Buffering pH changes 
Defence mechanisms 
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 
Miscellaneous specialised functions
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5
Q

Name the 3 major plasma proteins

A

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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6
Q

Where is albumin synthesised

A

In the liver 12g/day 50% secreted

live in plasma for 2-3 weeks

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7
Q

Functions of albumin

A

Bind and transport diverse molecules

Maintenance of osmotic pressure

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8
Q

Name some molecules transported by albumin

A

Metal ions (calcium and copper)
Free fatty acid
Bilirubin
Bile acid

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9
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure

A

Form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in blood plasma that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system

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10
Q

In relation to osmotic pressure what happens when plasma proteins are reduced

A

Reduction in osmotic pressure leading to fluid retention (oedema)

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11
Q

Name different types of a2-globulins

A

a2-macroglobulin
haptoglobins
caeuroplasmin
a-fetoprotein

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12
Q

What does a2-macroglobulin do

A

Binds and inactivates endopeptidases such as trypsin

increased nephrotic syndrome

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13
Q

Function of haptoglobins

A

Bind Hb to form HbHp complexes

conserves iron stores in the body

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14
Q

When are haptoglobin levels increased or decreased

A

Increased - acute infection, nephrotic syndrome

Decreased - intravascular haemolysis, liver disease

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15
Q

What is caeuroplasmin

A

a2 - globulins

Copper containing protein binds approx 90%

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16
Q

When are caeuroplasmin levels reduced

A

Wilson’s disease, malnutrition and nephrotic syndrome

17
Q

When are caeuroplasmin levels increased

A

In pregnancy and in women on oral contraceptives

18
Q

What is alpha-fetoprotein

A

a2-globulin

Protein present in tissue and plasma of foetus

19
Q

Name beta-globulins

A

Transferrin

Complement proteins

20
Q

What is atransferrinaemia

A

Rare congenital deficiency of transferrin

21
Q

When are low levels of transferrin seen

A

Inflammation and malignancy

22
Q

When are increased levels of transferrin seen

A

In iron deficiency states

23
Q

How many proteins does the complement system consist of

A

20

24
Q

What do complement proteins interact with

A

Sequentially with Ag-Ab complexes
With one another
With cell membranes

25
Q

Where are immunoglobulins synthesised

A

Lymphoreticular system

26
Q

What is the make up of immunoglobulin molecule

A

Four polypeptide chains

heavy chain pair and light chain pair

27
Q

Name the 5 heavy chains of immunoglobulins

A 
gamma
alpha
mu
delta
epsilon
28
Q

Name the two types of light chains of immunoglobulins

A

kappa

lambda

29
Q

Name the 3 major immunoglobulins and 2 minor

A

IgG
IgA
IgM

Minor: IgD & IgE

30
Q

Function of IgG

A

Major antibody of the secondary immune response

31
Q

Function of IgA

A

Secreted as a dimer the major antibodies in the submucous secretions

32
Q

Function of IgM

A

Pentamer confined to the vascular spaces

the major antibody of the primary response

33
Q

Function of IgD

A

Present on the surface of B-lymphocytes involved in antigen recognition

34
Q

Function of IgE

A

Present on surface of mast cells and basophils

35
Q

Where are paraproteins found

A

In myeloma, in waldenstroms macroglobulinaemia an din heavy chain diseases. These are malignant conditions.

36
Q

What are bence jones proteins

A

Light chains that spill into urine

Clinical biochemistry (11 decks)

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