Lecture 3 (CKD & ARF)

Question 1

What does CKD stand for

Answer 1

Chronic Kidney disease

Question 2

Risk factors for CKD

Answer 2

Diabetes
Hypertension
Family history of kidney disease

Question 3

High blood pressure risks include

Answer 3

age
african caribbean 
south asian 
obesity 
lack of exercise 
smoking 
excessive alcohol consumption 
high salt diet 
high fat diet 
stress

Question 4

What is chronic kidney disease

Answer 4

A progressive irreversible destruction of kidney tissue

A decreased glomerular filtration rate or signs of kidney damage that persist > 3 months

Question 5

What’re the consequences of having CKD

Answer 5

Disordered water and sodium metabolism
Hyperkalaemia
Abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism
Anaemia

Question 6

Staging of CKD

Answer 6

1 eGFR over 90 but other tests show kidney damage

2 eGFR 60-89 and other evidence of kidney damage
get yearly tests

3a eGFR 45-59
3b eGFR 30-44
get testing every 6months

4 eGFR 15-29 & experiencing symptoms of ckd
get testing every 3 months

5 eGFR below 15.
Established renal failure
testing every 6 weeks

Question 7

What is ARF

Answer 7

Acute renal failure

Failure of renal function of period of hours or days
Identified by a rising serum urea and creatinine

Question 8

What’re the classifications of ARF

Answer 8

Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal

Question 9

Types of renal function tests

Answer 9

Tests of glomerular function (serum urea, serum creatinine, clearance tests, eGFR)

Tests of tubular function (acidification test, osmolality, urine concentration test)

Question 10

What is B2 microglobulin

Answer 10

Part of the histocompatibility complex and is present on the surface of cells of HLA complex.

Indicative of kidney tubular dysfunction is large amounts are present