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Eval Science > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who introduced the Western world to tobacco?

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

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2
Q

What did Christopher Columbus and Pedro Alvarez Cabral called tobacco?

A

The holy herb

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3
Q

What did tobacco used to cure?

A

Toothache, gingivitis, caries

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4
Q
  • bites of poisonous reptiles and insects
  • hysteria
  • pain
  • neuralgia
  • laryngeal spasm
  • gout
  • respiratory stimulant
A

Medical uses of tobacco (1967)

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5
Q

What was tabacco administered by rectum for?

A

Constipation & Haemorrhoidal bleed

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6
Q

What disease was tabacco used to improve muscle movement?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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7
Q

What is the current population of current smokers in US?

A

27%

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8
Q

Percentage of teenage smokers in US?

A

25%

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9
Q

True or False: Most of those kille by tobacco are not particularly heavy smokers

A

True

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10
Q

When do most people start smoking?

A

As teenagers

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11
Q

How many years earlier do smokers die?

A

14 years

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12
Q

What are the chances that you will die of smoking if you smoke past the age of 35?

A

1 in 2

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13
Q

How many diseases does smoking cause?

A

About 40

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14
Q

What percent of death in females in smoking related?

A

8%

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15
Q

What percent of death in males is smoking related?

A

19%

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16
Q

How is TB transmitted?

A

Saliva

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17
Q

Germ theory & TB

A

They thought that chewing tabacco spead TB, so that is where smoking came in to play

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18
Q

Higher rates of smoking are in

A

lower socio-economic groups

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19
Q

Smoking, especially current smoking, is a crucial and

extremely modifiable independent determinant of

A

Stroke

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20
Q

Class A carcinogen and contains approximately 4,000 chemicals

A

Second-hand smoke

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21
Q
  • can cause middle ear effusion
  • increases the risk of croup, pneumonia and bronchiolitis by 60 percent in the first 18 months of life
  • increases the frequency and severity of asthma episodes
  • is a risk factor for induction of asthma in asymptomatic children
A

Exposure of children to second-hand smoke

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22
Q

When did the surgeon general release that smoking is bad?

A

After the stock market closed at 7 pm

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23
Q

Prolonged and heavy smoking disease reduces _____, and masks clinical inflammation

A

BOP

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24
Q

What does smokers have greater loss of?

A

Alveolar bone & independent plaque levels

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25
Q

Prevalence of ____ ______ defects twice as much in smokers

A

Molar furcation

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26
Q

What is 50% of peridontisis attributed to?

A

Smoking

27
Q

BOP means

A

Bleeding on probing

28
Q

Very sensitive measure of disease

A

BOP

29
Q

Do you see BOP on smokers?

A

No

30
Q

How can you tell a person has quit smoking?

A

BOP comes back

31
Q

Progression of disease is more significant in

A

Younger smokers

32
Q

Do maxillary or mandibular teeth have greater bone loss in smokers?

A

Maxillary

33
Q

How does smoking effect implants

A

Early implant failure. 16 times higher than a non smoker

34
Q

When should you quit smoking?

A

1 week before and 8 weeks after implant placement. (Becomes just 8x greater risk of failure)

35
Q

Do smokers have more big or small blood vessels?

A

Small vessels that aren’t as useful

36
Q

5 signs of swelling

A 
Redness 
Swelling
Warm to tough
Loss of function
Pain
37
Q

Vascular response to inflammation is ___ in smokers compared to non-smokers

A

Lower

38
Q

Effective targeting of infection doesn’t happen in

A

Smokers

39
Q

_____ O2 tension in smokers with periodontitis than nonsmokers

A

Lower

40
Q

____ O2 tension in healthy smokers, greater presense of inflammation

A

Lower

41
Q

Nicotine can be stored and released from

A

Fibroblasts

42
Q

Inhibit production of fibronectin and

collagen

A

Nicotine attached to fibroblasts

43
Q

Impairs wound heeling

A

Action of nicotine of fibroblasts

44
Q

Express receptors for nicotine, numbers decrease following cessation

A

Neutrophils

45
Q

What affects the function of neutrophils

A

Smoking. (Unclear on upregulation or downregulation)

46
Q

What lympocytes does smoking affect?

A

B cells, T cells, & NK cells

47
Q

Show no change in NK cells following smoking

A

African Americans

48
Q

If you quit smoking for 1 day it decreases your risk of heart attack by

A

.1%

49
Q

Quit for 2-3 months lung function increases by up to

A

30%

50
Q

What happens if you quit smoking for 2 days?

A

Smell and taste are enhanced

51
Q

What happens if you quit smoking for 10-15 years

A

Risk of dying almost returns to that of people who never smoked

52
Q

Risk of coronary disease decreases to than of nonsmoker. In
those with existing heart disease, cessation reduces the risk of recurrent
infarction or death by half

A

Quit smoking for 5 years

53
Q

Excess risk of heart disease is reduced by half.

A

Quit smoking for 1 year

54
Q

How many adults smoke?

A

42 million

55
Q

5 As of intervention

A
  • Ask
  • Advise
  • Assess
  • Assist
  • Arrange
56
Q

1st cigarette of the day, most important cigarette, smoking when ill, number of cigarettes, difficulty in complying with forbidden areas

A

Fagerstrom test

57
Q

Pre-contemplation,

contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

A

Transtheoretical model of readiness

58
Q

Identify and document smoking status

A

Ask

59
Q

Analyze a person’s willingness to quit

A

Assess

60
Q

Offer cessation advice on regular basis, over an extended period, to all smokers

A

Advise

61
Q

When do 75% of smoking relapses occur?

A

First 6 months

62
Q

Brief, repetitive, consistent, positive reminders to quit from multiple providers (or reinforcement of a recent quit attempt) double success rate

A

Advice to smokers to stop

63
Q
  • Set quit date
  • Tell family, friends co-workers about quitting and request understanding & support
  • Anticipate challenges to planned quit attempt
  • Remove tobacco products from environment
A

Plan developed

Eval Science (4 decks)

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