Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Eval Science > Epimediology of dental caries > Flashcards

Epimediology of dental caries Flashcards

1
Q

Study of health and disease in populations

A

Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are determinants influenced by

A
  • Heredity
  • Biology
  • Physical environment
  • Social environment
  • Lifestyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Descriptive epidemiologic studies

A
  • Prevalence
  • Severity
  • Age-adjusted distribution in the population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Try to answer a specific question

A

Analytic epidemiologic studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Mail survey
  • Epidemiological/screening survey
  • Telephone interview
A

Primary data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Medicaid
  • Vital Statistics
  • Cancer registry
A

Secondary data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Demineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth caused

by bacterial acids

A

Dental caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes dental caries?

A

Bacterial acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

One of the most common diseases among 5-17 year olds

A

Dental caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prehistoric man; low prevalence

and severity

A

Ancient disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

no change in prevalence
between the Anglo Saxon period to the Middle Ages
in British studies; mostly cervical lesions

A

5th - 16th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

High prevalence of disease;

mostly occlusal and proximal lesions associated with changes in diet circa 1600

A

17th -20th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Low prevalence in
“developing” countries, high prevalence in
“developed” nations

A

Early 20th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– Increasing prevalence in developing countries
– Decrease in caries incidence in children and young
adults in developed countries – the “caries decline

A

Late 20th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Caries caused by a worm.
Fumigation devices used to
remove the worm.

A

Worm theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tooth is an integral part of the body,
vitally affected by the body. Disease
processes take place from the “inside-out”.

A

Vital theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tooth decay originates from within the tooth

itself

A

Vital theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

17th and 18th Centuries.
Decay arises from acids formed in the oral cavity.
Assumed that acids were inorganic

A

Chemical (Acid) theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

microorganisms
infiltrate the enamel, leading to decomposition.
Recognition that enamel is organic.

A

Parasitic ( Septic) theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In 1881, W. D. Miller proposed that microorganisms in the oral cavity ferment
carbohydrates and produce acids that can
initiate demineralization

A

The chemico-parasitic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 stages of The chemico-parasitic theory

A
  • Decalcification of enamel

- Dissolution of softened residue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

derived from the
fermentation of starches and sugar lodged in
the retaining centers of the teeth.”

A

acid which affects

this primary decalcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

was associated with dental caries in

1914

A

Lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prior to World War II there were reports on

the association between

A

Caries, poverty and race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dental caries is a ________
multifactorial | infectious disease
26
Necessary factors in dental caries
Cariogenic bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates
27
Total plaque microflora
Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis
28
Only a few species involved
Specific Plaque Hypothesis
29
Shift in hemeostatic balance
Ecological Plaque Hypothesis
30
``` infectious, communicable disease resulting in destruction of tooth structure by acid-forming bacteria found in dental plaque, an intraoral biofilm, in the presence of sugar ```
Dental caries
31
The Epidemiologic Triangle
- Agent - Host - Environment
32
most cariogenic for | enamel
Streptococcus mutans
33
Greater ms counts greater caries prevalence
Mutans Streptococci
34
1. Ability to adhere to tooth surface 2. Produce copious amounts of acid 3. Survive at low pH
Why caries are conductive
35
Order sugars
Sucrose>Glucose>Lactose>Fructose
36
Fermentable carbohydrates
Simple surgars and complex
37
Increase in sugar consumption, increase in | caries
Vipeholm study
38
Which type of sugar consumption is the worst
Between meal ingestion
39
In the vipeholm study what happened when sticky candies were withdrawn
Increase in caries disappeared
40
--restricted diet among 81 children, aged 4 to 9 years -At the start of the study, 78% of the children were caries-free -53% continued to be caries-free at age 13.
Hopewood house study
41
Bacteria + CHO ------> acid ------>demineralization ------- caries
Equation for etiology of dental caries
42
Enzyme in equation for etiology
glycosyltransferase (GTF)
43
Aids in remineralization
Calcium/ phosphate and Acid Buffers
44
* Age * Gender * Race and Ethnicity * Socioeconomic Status * Geography
Determinants and Risk Factors fro dental caries
45
``` -Saliva (antibacterial, antibodies to cariogenic bacteria, buffering ) -Plaque removal - OH -Dietary habits -Fluoride therapy -Sealants -Caries vaccine -Antibiotics ```
Deterrence
46
How do we measure caries?
- Counts - Proportions - Rates - Indices
47
The number of people in a population who have a given disease at a given point in time
Prevalence
48
measures the frequency of all current cases of disease (old and new)
Prevalence
49
A measure of the number of lesions/period of | time.
Incidence
50
Limited in that they only measure the numbers of new initial lesions per unit of time
Incidence
51
describe the amount - the prevalence - of dental caries in an individual.
DMFT and DMFS
52
Decayed (D) Missing (M) Filled (F) teeth (T) or surfaces(S).
Note
53
How many surfaces do anterior teeth have
4
54
How many surfaces do molars and premolars have
5
55
Maximum value for DMF (S)
128
56
can be considered to indicate severe disease | in children up to age 17.
DMFS calues of 7 or higher
57
What percent of US children suffer from severe | caries.
20%
58
-provides past history only. -does not provide rate of lesion development. -does not indicate if caries is active or inactive. -does not provide the frequency of occurrence of new lesions
Limitations of prevalence
59
D+M+F =
Prevalence
60
D/DMF =
Untreated caries
61
F/DMF =
Treated caries
62
M/DMF =
Tooth fatality
63
Bring attention to the individuals with the highest caries values in each population under investigation.
Significant Caries Index (SiC Index)
64
In the SiC index Individuals are sorted | according to their
DMFT values
65
The mean DMFT for this subgroup is calculated. This value is the
SiC Index
66
Two overarching goals of healthy people
- Increase quality and years of healthy life | - Eliminate health disparities
67
What is the practical significance of the | epidemiology of Dental Caries
- Planning, funding, and delivery of services | - Training: numbers and type of professionals

Eval Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions