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Eval Science > Epimediology of dental caries > Flashcards

Epimediology of dental caries Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of health and disease in populations

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

What are determinants influenced by

A
  • Heredity
  • Biology
  • Physical environment
  • Social environment
  • Lifestyle
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3
Q

Descriptive epidemiologic studies

A
  • Prevalence
  • Severity
  • Age-adjusted distribution in the population
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4
Q

Try to answer a specific question

A

Analytic epidemiologic studies

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5
Q
  • Mail survey
  • Epidemiological/screening survey
  • Telephone interview
A

Primary data

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6
Q
  • Medicaid
  • Vital Statistics
  • Cancer registry
A

Secondary data

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7
Q

Demineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth caused

by bacterial acids

A

Dental caries

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8
Q

What causes dental caries?

A

Bacterial acids

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9
Q

One of the most common diseases among 5-17 year olds

A

Dental caries

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10
Q

prehistoric man; low prevalence

and severity

A

Ancient disease

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11
Q

no change in prevalence
between the Anglo Saxon period to the Middle Ages
in British studies; mostly cervical lesions

A

5th - 16th Century

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12
Q

High prevalence of disease;

mostly occlusal and proximal lesions associated with changes in diet circa 1600

A

17th -20th Century

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13
Q

Low prevalence in
“developing” countries, high prevalence in
“developed” nations

A

Early 20th century

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14
Q

– Increasing prevalence in developing countries
– Decrease in caries incidence in children and young
adults in developed countries – the “caries decline

A

Late 20th century

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15
Q

Caries caused by a worm.
Fumigation devices used to
remove the worm.

A

Worm theory

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16
Q

Tooth is an integral part of the body,
vitally affected by the body. Disease
processes take place from the “inside-out”.

A

Vital theory

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17
Q

Tooth decay originates from within the tooth

itself

A

Vital theory

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18
Q

17th and 18th Centuries.
Decay arises from acids formed in the oral cavity.
Assumed that acids were inorganic

A

Chemical (Acid) theory

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19
Q

microorganisms
infiltrate the enamel, leading to decomposition.
Recognition that enamel is organic.

A

Parasitic ( Septic) theory

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20
Q

In 1881, W. D. Miller proposed that microorganisms in the oral cavity ferment
carbohydrates and produce acids that can
initiate demineralization

A

The chemico-parasitic theory

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21
Q

2 stages of The chemico-parasitic theory

A
  • Decalcification of enamel

- Dissolution of softened residue

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22
Q

derived from the
fermentation of starches and sugar lodged in
the retaining centers of the teeth.”

A

acid which affects

this primary decalcification

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23
Q

was associated with dental caries in

1914

A

Lead

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24
Q

Prior to World War II there were reports on

the association between

A

Caries, poverty and race

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25
Q

Dental caries is a ________

A

multifactorial

infectious disease

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26
Q

Necessary factors in dental caries

A

Cariogenic bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates

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27
Q

Total plaque microflora

A

Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis

28
Q

Only a few species involved

A

Specific Plaque Hypothesis

29
Q

Shift in hemeostatic balance

A

Ecological Plaque Hypothesis

30
Q 
infectious, communicable
disease resulting in
destruction of tooth
structure by acid-forming
bacteria found in dental
plaque, an intraoral biofilm,
in the presence of sugar
A

Dental caries

31
Q

The Epidemiologic Triangle

A
  • Agent
  • Host
  • Environment
32
Q

most cariogenic for

enamel

A

Streptococcus mutans

33
Q

Greater ms counts greater caries prevalence

A

Mutans Streptococci

34
Q
  1. Ability to adhere to tooth surface
  2. Produce copious amounts of acid
  3. Survive at low pH
A

Why caries are conductive

35
Q

Order sugars

A

Sucrose>Glucose>Lactose>Fructose

36
Q

Fermentable carbohydrates

A

Simple surgars and complex

37
Q

Increase in sugar consumption, increase in

caries

A

Vipeholm study

38
Q

Which type of sugar consumption is the worst

A

Between meal ingestion

39
Q

In the vipeholm study what happened when sticky candies were withdrawn

A

Increase in caries disappeared

40
Q

–restricted diet among 81 children,
aged 4 to 9 years
-At the start of the study, 78% of the children
were caries-free
-53% continued to be caries-free at age 13.

A

Hopewood house study

41
Q

Bacteria + CHO ——> acid ——>demineralization ——- caries

A

Equation for etiology of dental caries

42
Q

Enzyme in equation for etiology

A

glycosyltransferase (GTF)

43
Q

Aids in remineralization

A

Calcium/ phosphate and Acid Buffers

44
Q
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Race and Ethnicity
  • Socioeconomic Status
  • Geography
A

Determinants and Risk Factors fro dental caries

45
Q 
-Saliva (antibacterial, antibodies to cariogenic
bacteria, buffering )
-Plaque removal - OH
-Dietary habits
-Fluoride therapy
-Sealants
-Caries vaccine
-Antibiotics
A

Deterrence

46
Q

How do we measure caries?

A
  • Counts
  • Proportions
  • Rates
  • Indices
47
Q

The number of people in a population
who have a given disease at a given
point in time

A

Prevalence

48
Q

measures the
frequency of all current cases of
disease (old and new)

A

Prevalence

49
Q

A measure of the number of lesions/period of

time.

A

Incidence

50
Q

Limited in that they only measure the numbers of new initial lesions per unit of time

A

Incidence

51
Q

describe the amount -
the prevalence - of dental caries in an
individual.

A

DMFT and DMFS

52
Q

Decayed (D)
Missing (M)
Filled (F)
teeth (T) or surfaces(S).

A

Note

53
Q

How many surfaces do anterior teeth have

A

4

54
Q

How many surfaces do molars and premolars have

A

5

55
Q

Maximum value for DMF (S)

A

128

56
Q

can be considered to indicate severe disease

in children up to age 17.

A

DMFS calues of 7 or higher

57
Q

What percent of US children suffer from severe

caries.

A

20%

58
Q

-provides past history only.
-does not provide rate of lesion
development.
-does not indicate if caries is active or
inactive.
-does not provide the frequency of
occurrence of new lesions

A

Limitations of prevalence

59
Q

D+M+F =

A

Prevalence

60
Q

D/DMF =

A

Untreated caries

61
Q

F/DMF =

A

Treated caries

62
Q

M/DMF =

A

Tooth fatality

63
Q

Bring attention to the individuals with the
highest caries values in each population
under investigation.

A

Significant Caries Index (SiC Index)

64
Q

In the SiC index Individuals are sorted

according to their

A

DMFT values

65
Q

The mean DMFT for
this subgroup is
calculated. This value is
the

A

SiC Index

66
Q

Two overarching goals of healthy people

A
  • Increase quality and years of healthy life

- Eliminate health disparities

67
Q

What is the practical significance of the

epidemiology of Dental Caries

A
  • Planning, funding, and delivery of services

- Training: numbers and type of professionals

Eval Science (4 decks)

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